{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396523431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3395389","title":"Precision Diagnosis: An Automated Method for Detecting Congenital Heart Diseases in Children From Phonocardiogram Signals Employing Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Precision Diagnosis: An Automated Method for Detecting Congenital Heart Diseases in Children From Phonocardiogram Signals Employing Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396523431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3395389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3395389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3395389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3395389","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058485751","display_name":"Hend Khalid Alkahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-5267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hend Khalid Alkahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-5267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101763328","display_name":"Ihtisham Ul Haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-7954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ihtisham Ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091859381","display_name":"Yazeed Yasin Ghadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazeed Yasin Ghadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-495X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050280602","display_name":"Nisreen Innab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-7727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767729","display_name":"Almaarefa University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s3s5518","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767729"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisreen Innab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-7727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014987654","display_name":"Masoud Alajmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-6719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Alajmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-6719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089291100","display_name":"Mekebayev Nurbapa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128045","display_name":"Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bvvhn54","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128045"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mekebayev Nurbapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kazakh National Women’s Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kazakh National Women’s Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.8815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97732853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"76053","last_page":"76064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13050","display_name":"Oil and Gas Production Techniques","score":0.9271000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonocardiogram","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","score":0.831021785736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.6938976645469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6758013963699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5908432602882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-disease","display_name":"Heart disease","score":0.5832902789115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49688366055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.495702862739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4792906641960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4660906195640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4296044111251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3277387022972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23391807079315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.16037413477897644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159693508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301075","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","level":2,"score":0.831021785736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.6938976645469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6758013963699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5908432602882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Heart disease","level":2,"score":0.5832902789115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49688366055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.495702862739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4792906641960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4660906195640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4296044111251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3277387022972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23391807079315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.16037413477897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3395389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3395389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:260b31f04dee48eb81fb0d936f35e757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/260b31f04dee48eb81fb0d936f35e757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 76053-76064 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3395389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3395389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G399135579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(PNURSP2023R384)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023436901","https://openalex.org/W2773814046","https://openalex.org/W2811161392","https://openalex.org/W2901976219","https://openalex.org/W2999582945","https://openalex.org/W3003386082","https://openalex.org/W3005771459","https://openalex.org/W3021677279","https://openalex.org/W3120578500","https://openalex.org/W3206855113","https://openalex.org/W4224018389","https://openalex.org/W4280559926","https://openalex.org/W4281564297","https://openalex.org/W4283167557","https://openalex.org/W4293068616","https://openalex.org/W4317826953","https://openalex.org/W4388336701","https://openalex.org/W6734306856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387004671","https://openalex.org/W2184139745","https://openalex.org/W2163299290","https://openalex.org/W2066804906","https://openalex.org/W2463659687","https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W1571173121","https://openalex.org/W4311602935","https://openalex.org/W2047407863","https://openalex.org/W3202613528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,24,122,131,179],"the":[2,29,107,148,157,181,227,239],"World":[3],"Health":[4],"Organization":[5],"(WHO),":[6],"congenital":[7,35,66,234],"heart":[8,36,67,235],"disorders":[9],"(CHDs)":[10,69],"impact":[11],"a":[12,60,80,135,189,205],"significant":[13],"proportion":[14],"of":[15,96,116,137,156,207,210,214,217,222,229,241],"babies":[16],"worldwide,":[17],"with":[18],"prevalence":[19],"rates":[20],"ranging":[21],"from":[22,112],"0.8%":[23],"1.2%.":[25],"Phonocardiography":[26],"(PCG)":[27],"is":[28,185],"leading":[30],"non-invasive":[31],"method":[32],"for":[33,65,153,232,248],"detecting":[34,233],"defects":[37],"(CHDs),":[38],"offering":[39],"important":[40],"information":[41],"about":[42],"cardiac":[43],"signals":[44,98,146,161],"i.e.":[45],"S1,":[46],"S2,":[47],"S3,":[48],"and":[49,51,87,102,125,219],"S4":[50],"heartbeat":[52],"patterns.":[53],"This":[54,184,224],"research":[55],"study":[56,172,225],"focuses":[57],"on":[58,79],"developing":[59],"strong":[61],"binary":[62],"classification":[63],"system":[64,75],"diseases":[68],"utilizing":[70],"deep":[71,242],"neural":[72,192,243],"networks.":[73],"The":[74,91,160,171,195],"will":[76],"be":[77],"trained":[78],"combined":[81],"dataset":[82,93,109],"that":[83],"includes":[84],"both":[85,100,127],"local":[86,92],"publicly":[88],"available":[89],"repositories.":[90],"(LD)":[94],"consists":[95,115],"583":[97],"containing":[99],"normal":[101],"aberrant":[103],"PCG":[104,118],"recordings,":[105],"while":[106],"public":[108],"(PD)":[110],"obtained":[111],"Michigan":[113],"University":[114],"23":[117],"recordings.":[119],"In":[120],"order":[121],"achieve":[123],"consistency":[124],"compatibility,":[126],"datasets":[128],"are":[129,162,199],"subjected":[130],"down-sampling,":[132],"resulting":[133],"in":[134,201,245],"frequency":[136],"8":[138],"kHz.":[139],"A":[140],"well-engineered":[141],"band-pass":[142],"filter":[143],"efficiently":[144],"removes":[145],"outside":[147],"20-650":[149],"Hz":[150],"range,":[151],"allowing":[152],"exclusive":[154],"processing":[155],"desired":[158],"frequencies.":[159],"divided":[163],"into":[164],"segments,":[165],"each":[166],"lasting":[167],"exactly":[168],"4":[169],"seconds.":[170],"utilizes":[173],"data":[174],"augmentation":[175],"techniques,":[176],"specifically":[177],"pitch-shifting,":[178],"boost":[180],"model\u2019s":[182],"robustness.":[183],"accomplished":[186],"by":[187],"implementing":[188],"1D":[190],"convolutional":[191],"network":[193],"(CNN).":[194],"most":[196],"notable":[197],"outcomes":[198],"achieved":[200],"case":[202],"C,":[203],"exhibiting":[204],"sensitivity":[206],"99.0%,":[208],"specificity":[209],"98.0%,":[211],"F1":[212],"score":[213],"98.56%,":[215],"precision":[216,246],"98.57%,":[218],"an":[220],"accuracy":[221],"98.56%.":[223],"enhances":[226],"progress":[228],"automated":[230],"techniques":[231],"disease":[236],"(CHD),":[237],"demonstrating":[238],"potential":[240],"networks":[244],"medicine":[247],"pediatric":[249],"cardiology.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}