{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396214389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394907","title":"Energy-Efficient Placement of Virtual Network Functions in a Wireless Mesh Network","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Placement of Virtual Network Functions in a Wireless Mesh Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396214389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3394907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394907","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009918174","display_name":"Auberlin Paguem Tchinda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5237613","display_name":"Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r625m11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5237613"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Auberlin Paguem Tchinda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-6516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5237613","https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038419243","display_name":"Besfort Shala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-1858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5237613","display_name":"Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r625m11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5237613"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Besfort Shala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-1858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5237613","https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073816687","display_name":"Armin Lehmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5237613","display_name":"Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r625m11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5237613"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Lehmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-7389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5237613","https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044709278","display_name":"Bogdan Ghita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-547X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Ghita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Security Communications and Network Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Security Communications and Network Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047099475","display_name":"David J. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8686-4253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Security Communications and Network Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8686-4253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Security Communications and Network Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027865725","display_name":"Ulrich Trick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5237613","display_name":"Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r625m11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5237613"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Trick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group for Telecommunication Networks, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5237613","https://openalex.org/I114090438"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92808723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"64807","last_page":"64822"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7237890362739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-mesh-network","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","score":0.7002356052398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6439433097839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order-one-network-protocol","display_name":"Order One Network Protocol","score":0.5396497249603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-mesh","display_name":"Shared mesh","score":0.49543893337249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4472292363643646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesh-networking","display_name":"Mesh networking","score":0.4418136477470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-mesh","display_name":"Switched mesh","score":0.42724549770355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3819322884082794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2741543650627136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7237890362739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31548570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453712","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","level":4,"score":0.7002356052398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6439433097839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124255616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100423","display_name":"Order One Network Protocol","level":5,"score":0.5396497249603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37427157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489552","display_name":"Shared mesh","level":5,"score":0.49543893337249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4472292363643646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123691950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25552104","display_name":"Mesh networking","level":3,"score":0.4418136477470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165323707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7659102","display_name":"Switched mesh","level":5,"score":0.42724549770355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3819322884082794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2741543650627136}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3394907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/135864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/135864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9790239987ac412eb95dc3674e3f3dfb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9790239987ac412eb95dc3674e3f3dfb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 64807-64822 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29809196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3394907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2061277357","https://openalex.org/W2115579058","https://openalex.org/W2124492649","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2150512110","https://openalex.org/W2584689131","https://openalex.org/W2730591764","https://openalex.org/W2885034200","https://openalex.org/W2976555169","https://openalex.org/W3012462348","https://openalex.org/W3075575366","https://openalex.org/W3129125148","https://openalex.org/W3148921802","https://openalex.org/W6732042290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572406879","https://openalex.org/W4319302693","https://openalex.org/W2088748318","https://openalex.org/W2757691190","https://openalex.org/W2145803479","https://openalex.org/W2114284183","https://openalex.org/W2145075150","https://openalex.org/W2810292777","https://openalex.org/W3098357582","https://openalex.org/W2604535420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,56],"the":[1,6,14,30,38,58,78,89,103,109,113,123,147,156,171,192],"context":[2,136],"of":[3,8,19,32,60,91,105,126,149],"service":[4,86],"provisioning,":[5],"integration":[7,24,198],"Network":[9,34,75],"Functions":[10,35],"Virtualization":[11],"(NFV)":[12],"enhances":[13],"flexibility,":[15],"scalability,":[16],"and":[17,53,70,85,140],"programmability":[18],"telecommunication":[20],"networks.":[21,55],"However,":[22],"this":[23,61],"introduces":[25,137],"challenges,":[26],"particularly":[27,203],"in":[28,94,112,162,190,199,204],"optimizing":[29],"placement":[31,104,125,148],"Virtualized":[33],"(VNFs)":[36],"within":[37],"NFV":[39,197],"Infrastructure":[40],"(NFVI).":[41],"Existing":[42],"studies":[43],"have":[44],"predominantly":[45],"focused":[46],"on":[47],"well-connected,":[48],"mains-powered":[49],"ecosystems":[50],"like":[51,170],"datacentres":[52],"cloud":[54],"contrast,":[57],"aim":[59],"paper":[62],"is":[63,128],"to":[64,145,180],"identify":[65],"a":[66,72,81,131,142,187],"solution":[67,121],"that":[68,155],"distributes":[69],"deploys":[71],"Wireless":[73],"Mesh":[74],"(WMN)":[76],"as":[77,130],"backbone":[79],"for":[80,122],"disaster":[82,205],"management":[83,206],"communication":[84],"infrastructure.":[87],"Given":[88],"mobility":[90],"mesh":[92,201],"routers":[93],"such":[95],"scenarios,":[96],"these":[97],"devices":[98],"are":[99],"often":[100],"battery-powered.":[101],"Consequently,":[102],"VNFs":[106],"directly":[107],"impacts":[108],"energy":[110],"consumption":[111],"network":[114],"and,":[115],"subsequently,":[116],"its":[117],"lifetime.":[118],"The":[119,151],"proposed":[120,157],"energy-efficient":[124],"VNF":[127],"formulated":[129],"multi-objective":[132],"optimization":[133],"problem.":[134],"This":[135,184],"different":[138],"approaches":[139],"proposes":[141],"heuristic":[143],"algorithm":[144,158],"optimize":[146],"VNFs.":[150],"evaluation":[152],"results":[153],"indicate":[154],"outperforms":[159],"prior":[160],"alternatives":[161],"various":[163],"scenarios.":[164],"Notably,":[165],"it":[166],"surpasses":[167],"established":[168],"methods":[169],"Nondominated":[172],"Sorting":[173],"Genetic":[174],"Algorithm":[175],"II":[176],"(NSGA-II),":[177],"commonly":[178],"used":[179],"solve":[181],"similar":[182],"problems.":[183],"research":[185],"signifies":[186],"significant":[188],"advancement":[189],"addressing":[191],"specific":[193],"challenges":[194],"associated":[195],"with":[196],"wireless":[200],"networks,":[202],"contexts.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}