{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395661516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394046","title":"Bayesian Learning of Causal Networks for Unsupervised Fault Diagnosis in Distributed Energy Systems","display_name":"Bayesian Learning of Causal Networks for Unsupervised Fault Diagnosis in Distributed Energy Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395661516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3394046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394046","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508799.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508799.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007374635","display_name":"Federico Castelletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-2942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Castelletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-2942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019241326","display_name":"Fabrizio Niro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Niro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113189602","display_name":"Marco Denti","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Denti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turboden S.p.A., Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turboden S.p.A., Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077724249","display_name":"Daniele Tessera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-8384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Tessera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-8384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058263691","display_name":"Andrea Pozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Pozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-5123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Universit&#x00E0; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79954922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"61185","last_page":"61197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7488627433776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtime","display_name":"Downtime","score":0.6227701306343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.5813019275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.48739224672317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4617362916469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4326576590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4246922731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-acyclic-graph","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","score":0.4158712923526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40300390124320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4019830524921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36672285199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13764357566833496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7488627433776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.6227701306343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.5813019275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.48739224672317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4617362916469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4326576590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4246922731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74197172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","level":2,"score":0.4158712923526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40300390124320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4019830524921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36672285199165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13764357566833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3394046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394046","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508799.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/503541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/503541","pdf_url":"https://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/503541/1/Castelletti-2024-IEEE%20Access-VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:868c5f261d774b0bbb97d55cbbb69c6e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/868c5f261d774b0bbb97d55cbbb69c6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 61185-61197 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publicatt.unicatt.it:10807/301556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10807/301556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400564","display_name":"PubliCatt (Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3394046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3394046","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508799.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1733109337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1062/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1953887145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014\u20102020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2352013729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DM 1062/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3350094378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J53D23003870008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6051190257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DM 1062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8596147796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"57-I-999-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","funder_display_name":"European Social Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395661516.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395661516.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1654016072","https://openalex.org/W1983809443","https://openalex.org/W2034242814","https://openalex.org/W2053116133","https://openalex.org/W2062098096","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2110069242","https://openalex.org/W2546927770","https://openalex.org/W2606788990","https://openalex.org/W2736470268","https://openalex.org/W2794081072","https://openalex.org/W2885438818","https://openalex.org/W2889860550","https://openalex.org/W2912412749","https://openalex.org/W2945520991","https://openalex.org/W2970706158","https://openalex.org/W2985882047","https://openalex.org/W2997353220","https://openalex.org/W3037778636","https://openalex.org/W3110833271","https://openalex.org/W3111252915","https://openalex.org/W3123507112","https://openalex.org/W3136540653","https://openalex.org/W3158076418","https://openalex.org/W4213321549","https://openalex.org/W4224225245","https://openalex.org/W4249625715","https://openalex.org/W4362733539","https://openalex.org/W4385880543","https://openalex.org/W4391223796","https://openalex.org/W6684490209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046276983","https://openalex.org/W2954002293","https://openalex.org/W2892741875","https://openalex.org/W2164372000","https://openalex.org/W2078264086","https://openalex.org/W2109143577","https://openalex.org/W1985537075","https://openalex.org/W2161582432","https://openalex.org/W1505105018","https://openalex.org/W1492817421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"energy":[1],"generation":[2],"systems,":[3],"key":[4],"for":[5,56,70,95],"producing":[6],"electricity":[7,17],"near":[8],"usage":[9],"points,":[10],"are":[11,36],"essential":[12],"to":[13,39,79,110],"meet":[14],"the":[15,54,122,130,133],"global":[16],"demand,":[18],"leveraging":[19],"diverse":[20],"sources":[21],"like":[22],"renewables,":[23],"traditional":[24],"fuels,":[25],"and":[26,41,50,60,73],"industrial":[27],"waste":[28],"heat.":[29],"Despite":[30],"their":[31],"high":[32],"reliability,":[33],"these":[34,64],"systems":[35],"not":[37,68],"immune":[38],"faults":[40],"failures.":[42],"Such":[43],"incidents":[44],"can":[45],"result":[46],"in":[47,147],"considerable":[48],"downtime":[49],"reduced":[51],"efficiency,":[52],"underlining":[53],"need":[55],"effective":[57],"fault":[58,97],"detection":[59],"diagnosis":[61],"techniques.":[62],"Implementing":[63],"strategies":[65],"is":[66],"crucial":[67],"just":[69],"mitigating":[71],"damage":[72],"preventing":[74],"potential":[75],"disasters,":[76],"but":[77],"also":[78],"maintain":[80],"optimal":[81],"performance":[82],"levels.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85],"introduces":[86],"a":[87,116,139],"novel":[88],"methodology":[89],"based":[90],"on":[91,100],"Bayesian":[92],"graphical":[93],"modeling":[94],"unsupervised":[96],"diagnosis,":[98],"focusing":[99],"organic":[101],"Rankine":[102],"cycle":[103],"case":[104],"study.":[105],"It":[106],"employs":[107],"structural":[108],"learning":[109],"discern":[111],"unknown":[112],"intervention":[113],"points":[114],"within":[115],"directed":[117],"acyclic":[118],"graph":[119],"that":[120,143],"models":[121],"power":[123],"plant\u2019s":[124],"operations.":[125],"By":[126],"analyzing":[127],"real-world":[128],"data,":[129],"study":[131],"demonstrates":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"of":[135,141],"this":[136],"approach,":[137],"pinpointing":[138],"subset":[140],"variables":[142],"could":[144],"be":[145],"implicated":[146],"specific":[148],"faults.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2024-04-27T00:00:00"}
