{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395471072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393425","title":"A Systematic Review of K-12 Cybersecurity Education Around the World","display_name":"A Systematic Review of K-12 Cybersecurity Education Around the World","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395471072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3393425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393425","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508377.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055670196","display_name":"Ahmed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-3533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-3533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018017542","display_name":"Marnie McKee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-5044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marnie McKee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-5044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022617601","display_name":"Leslie F. Sikos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3368-2215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie F. Sikos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3368-2215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073730243","display_name":"Nicola F. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-3027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola F. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-3027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055670196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.0003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98229895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"59726","last_page":"59738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.610125720500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5266323685646057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.610125720500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5266323685646057}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3393425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393425","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworks2022-2026-4930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/3929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765015692","display_name":"Australasian Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2202-7270","issn":["2202-7270"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research outputs 2022 to 2026","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a2b56afc1d884aa1971a6e4c41505e08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a2b56afc1d884aa1971a6e4c41505e08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 59726-59738 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3393425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393425","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10508377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395471072.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395471072.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476714980","https://openalex.org/W1848800185","https://openalex.org/W1997543955","https://openalex.org/W2029699977","https://openalex.org/W2294662036","https://openalex.org/W2557498714","https://openalex.org/W2561620360","https://openalex.org/W2568632554","https://openalex.org/W2587262777","https://openalex.org/W2610588201","https://openalex.org/W2611888395","https://openalex.org/W2804300650","https://openalex.org/W2920866633","https://openalex.org/W2922087317","https://openalex.org/W2985598955","https://openalex.org/W2992285883","https://openalex.org/W3027852283","https://openalex.org/W3047299577","https://openalex.org/W3084490309","https://openalex.org/W3093575712","https://openalex.org/W3101675413","https://openalex.org/W3115724545","https://openalex.org/W3135835166","https://openalex.org/W3146142859","https://openalex.org/W3174910675","https://openalex.org/W3198863209","https://openalex.org/W3203438733","https://openalex.org/W4200260101","https://openalex.org/W4223927049","https://openalex.org/W4229009559","https://openalex.org/W4239724875","https://openalex.org/W4255345690","https://openalex.org/W4285481119","https://openalex.org/W4311091245","https://openalex.org/W6681258685","https://openalex.org/W6787413764","https://openalex.org/W6964913616","https://openalex.org/W7066115974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,141],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,116],"systematic":[4],"review":[5,142],"of":[6,44,51,60,92,107,147],"K-12":[7,68,155],"cybersecurity":[8,52,61,148],"education":[9],"literature":[10,27,37],"from":[11,19],"around":[12,156],"the":[13,26,30,40,80,90,104,121,124,134,157],"world.":[14,158],"24":[15],"academic":[16],"papers":[17],"dated":[18],"2013\u20132022":[20],"were":[21,56],"eligible":[22],"for":[23,67],"inclusion":[24],"in":[25,89,99],"established":[28],"within":[29,123],"research":[31],"protocol.":[32],"An":[33],"additional":[34],"19":[35],"gray":[36],"sources":[38],"comprised":[39],"total.":[41],"A":[42,58],"range":[43],"recurring":[45],"common":[46],"topics":[47],"deemed":[48],"as":[49],"aspects":[50,146],"behavior":[53],"or":[54],"practice":[55],"identified.":[57],"variety":[59],"competencies":[62],"and":[63,95,110,131],"skills":[64],"are":[65,86,138,149],"needed":[66],"students":[69],"to":[70,78,103,112],"apply":[71],"their":[72,93],"knowledge.":[73],"As":[74],"may":[75],"be":[76,79],"expected":[77],"case":[81],"with":[82],"interdisciplinary":[83],"fields,":[84],"studies":[85,122],"inherently":[87],"unclear":[88],"use":[91],"terminology,":[94],"this":[96,100],"is":[97],"compounded":[98],"field":[101],"due":[102],"pervasive":[105],"nature":[106],"cybersecurity,":[108],"relevant":[109],"important":[111],"every":[113],"person":[114],"using":[115],"digital":[117],"device.":[118],"Almost":[119],"all":[120],"data":[125],"focused":[126],"on":[127],"secondary":[128],"school":[129,136],"settings":[130],"it":[132],"appears":[133],"primary":[135],"years":[137],"largely":[139],"ignored.":[140],"suggests":[143],"that":[144],"most":[145],"not":[150],"being":[151],"systematically":[152],"taught":[153],"at":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
