{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395027755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392640","title":"Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Eye Movement Behavior","display_name":"Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Eye Movement Behavior","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395027755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392640","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506927.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039941573","display_name":"Hamza Ahmad Madni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-2493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128032","display_name":"Beibu Gulf University","ror":"https://ror.org/031j0at32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Ahmad Madni","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085489082","display_name":"Ali Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan","Institute of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092842665","display_name":"Rukhshanda Sehar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-6048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rukhshanda Sehar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-6048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008499808","display_name":"Nisrean Thalji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-6923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27570832","display_name":"Jadara University","ror":"https://ror.org/001drnv35","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27570832"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisrean Thalji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-6923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27570832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023403556","display_name":"Laith Abualigah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2203-4549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laith Abualigah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2203-4549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":16.1397,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99441088,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"64765","last_page":"64778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9081000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alertness","display_name":"Alertness","score":0.8330556154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7531444430351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.632142186164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6158760190010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6137299537658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.5181330442428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5011820793151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48674917221069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.46214544773101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.4233737587928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3409125506877899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3276359736919403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.320957213640213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09917449951171875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200678441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423044","display_name":"Alertness","level":2,"score":0.8330556154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7531444430351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.632142186164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6158760190010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6137299537658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.5181330442428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5011820793151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48674917221069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.46214544773101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.4233737587928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3409125506877899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3276359736919403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.320957213640213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09917449951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392640","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:76a978e5ee164a09ad507f1c7fd84958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/76a978e5ee164a09ad507f1c7fd84958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 64765-64778 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392640","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506927.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G157032840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FG2024005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329331","funder_display_name":"Beibu Gulf University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329331","display_name":"Beibu Gulf University","ror":"https://ror.org/031j0at32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395027755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395027755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979691980","https://openalex.org/W2063792468","https://openalex.org/W2908050327","https://openalex.org/W2954197904","https://openalex.org/W3001456352","https://openalex.org/W4317740386","https://openalex.org/W4317877444","https://openalex.org/W4324311029","https://openalex.org/W4361281686","https://openalex.org/W4361802352","https://openalex.org/W4366150712","https://openalex.org/W4366217661","https://openalex.org/W4367627494","https://openalex.org/W4381185174","https://openalex.org/W4383262906","https://openalex.org/W4386165152","https://openalex.org/W4386742435","https://openalex.org/W4387423731","https://openalex.org/W4387427194","https://openalex.org/W4388929260","https://openalex.org/W4389503488","https://openalex.org/W4390501772","https://openalex.org/W4390512389","https://openalex.org/W4390538289","https://openalex.org/W4390603674","https://openalex.org/W4390640200","https://openalex.org/W4390841728","https://openalex.org/W4390979772","https://openalex.org/W4391305663","https://openalex.org/W4391616124","https://openalex.org/W4391679198","https://openalex.org/W4391759520","https://openalex.org/W6850489359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W65758901","https://openalex.org/W2023599206","https://openalex.org/W2942324097","https://openalex.org/W3042082333","https://openalex.org/W2085897802","https://openalex.org/W642117203","https://openalex.org/W4382631899","https://openalex.org/W2184946901","https://openalex.org/W4206657577","https://openalex.org/W2031136906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver":[0],"drowsiness":[1,46,71,173,198],"detection":[2],"is":[3,43],"a":[4,25,82,101,157],"critical":[5],"field":[6],"of":[7,16,38,77,92,111,160],"research":[8,97,191],"within":[9],"automotive":[10],"safety,":[11],"aimed":[12,67],"at":[13,68],"identifying":[14],"signs":[15],"fatigue":[17],"in":[18,174],"drivers":[19,93],"to":[20,44,94,195,201],"prevent":[21,202],"accidents.":[22],"Drowsiness":[23],"impairs":[24],"driver\u2019s":[26,57],"reaction":[27],"time,":[28],"decision-making":[29],"ability,":[30],"and":[31,63,117,137,185,205],"overall":[32],"alertness,":[33],"significantly":[34],"increasing":[35],"the":[36,41,56,78,88,109,112,149,153,168,180,193],"risk":[37],"collisions.":[39],"Nowadays,":[40],"challenge":[42],"detect":[45],"using":[47,143,187],"physiological":[48],"signals,":[49],"which":[50,107],"often":[51],"require":[52],"direct":[53],"contact":[54],"with":[55,156],"body.":[58],"This":[59,65,190],"can":[60],"be":[61],"uncomfortable":[62],"distracting.":[64],"study":[66],"detecting":[69],"driver":[70,172,197],"through":[72,182],"eye":[73,89,134],"movement":[74,90],"behavior":[75,91],"imagery":[76],"driver.":[79],"We":[80,99,177],"utilized":[81],"standard":[83],"image":[84,135],"dataset":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87],"conduct":[95],"this":[96],"experiment.":[98],"proposed":[100,124,169],"novel":[102],"transfer":[103,141],"learning-based":[104],"features":[105,131,142],"generation":[106],"combined":[108],"strengths":[110],"Visual":[113],"Geometry":[114],"Group":[115],"(VGG-16)":[116],"Light":[118],"Gradient-Boosting":[119],"Machine":[120],"(LGBM)":[121],"methods.":[122],"The":[123,162],"VGLG":[125],"(VGG16-LGBM)":[126],"approach":[127,155,170],"first":[128],"extracts":[129],"spatial":[130],"from":[132],"input":[133],"data":[136],"then":[138],"generates":[139],"salient":[140],"LGBM.":[144],"Experimental":[145],"evaluations":[146],"reveal":[147],"that":[148,167],"k-neighbors":[150],"classifier":[151],"outperformed":[152],"state-of-the-art":[154],"high-performance":[158],"accuracy":[159],"99%.":[161],"computational":[163],"complexity":[164],"analysis":[165],"shows":[166],"detects":[171],"0.00829":[175],"seconds.":[176],"have":[178],"enhanced":[179],"performance":[181],"hyperparameter":[183],"tuning":[184],"validations":[186],"k-fold":[188],"validation.":[189],"has":[192],"potential":[194],"revolutionize":[196],"detection,":[199],"aiming":[200],"road":[203],"accidents":[204],"save":[206],"precious":[207],"lives.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
