{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394994504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392275","title":"Survival Analysis of Thyroid Cancer Patients Using Machine Learning Algorithms","display_name":"Survival Analysis of Thyroid Cancer Patients Using Machine Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394994504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392275","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506686.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506686.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024500988","display_name":"Saadat M. Alhashmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-9315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saadat M. Alhashmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-9315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091022375","display_name":"Md. Shohidul Islam Polash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0535-9704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Shohidul Islam Polash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0535-9704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025616553","display_name":"Aminul Haque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-0615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aminul Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-0615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095828592","display_name":"Fazley Rabbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0047-3419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5237613","display_name":"Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r625m11","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5237613"]}],"countries":["BD","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazley Rabbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0047-3419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5237613","https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012392609","display_name":"Shazzad Hossen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-2410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shazzad Hossen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012720037","display_name":"Nuruzzaman Faruqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-9637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuruzzaman Faruqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-9637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090355098","display_name":"Mohamed Hashem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-9540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Abaker Targio Hashem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-9540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069565757","display_name":"Nirase Fathima Abubacker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181397559","display_name":"Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/03c52a632","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nirase Fathima Abubacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Asia Pacific University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Asia Pacific University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181397559"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.2565,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96881092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"61978","last_page":"61990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9430999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6439356207847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.49849486351013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49187517166137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-cancer","display_name":"Thyroid cancer","score":0.41202640533447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41078561544418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38069015741348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.21325716376304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.16736146807670593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6439356207847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.49849486351013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49187517166137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779761222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826522","display_name":"Thyroid cancer","level":3,"score":0.41202640533447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41078561544418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38069015741348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21325716376304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16736146807670593}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392275","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506686.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2966d780f7cc40cba6155557c66642ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2966d780f7cc40cba6155557c66642ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 61978-61990 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392275","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506686.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394994504.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394994504.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18935442","https://openalex.org/W180260106","https://openalex.org/W652328558","https://openalex.org/W1915129189","https://openalex.org/W1973448749","https://openalex.org/W1983024255","https://openalex.org/W1988479873","https://openalex.org/W2016647182","https://openalex.org/W2061128187","https://openalex.org/W2080025280","https://openalex.org/W2169961966","https://openalex.org/W2199592472","https://openalex.org/W2339175634","https://openalex.org/W2464424134","https://openalex.org/W2534295610","https://openalex.org/W2791015340","https://openalex.org/W2807335946","https://openalex.org/W2868193188","https://openalex.org/W2912877146","https://openalex.org/W2914271333","https://openalex.org/W2945906493","https://openalex.org/W2952047753","https://openalex.org/W2985231490","https://openalex.org/W2988023719","https://openalex.org/W3010894009","https://openalex.org/W3012566059","https://openalex.org/W3016054227","https://openalex.org/W3093757513","https://openalex.org/W3095800159","https://openalex.org/W3133912488","https://openalex.org/W3154656145","https://openalex.org/W3184308629","https://openalex.org/W3212546760","https://openalex.org/W4211107646","https://openalex.org/W4231574709","https://openalex.org/W4250561120","https://openalex.org/W4288767758","https://openalex.org/W4310261794","https://openalex.org/W4311726630","https://openalex.org/W4319461886","https://openalex.org/W4319781279","https://openalex.org/W4323527434","https://openalex.org/W4367593913","https://openalex.org/W4378551636","https://openalex.org/W6621700765","https://openalex.org/W6638964946","https://openalex.org/W6846809533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"medical":[1],"community":[2],"strives":[3],"continually":[4],"to":[5,22,43,123,143,163,174,185],"improve":[6],"the":[7,32,45,92,125,132,135,147,153,159,175,186,190],"quality":[8],"of":[9,14,26,34,47,67,98,118,127,137,177],"care":[10],"patients":[11,21],"receive.":[12],"Predictions":[13],"prognosis":[15,46],"are":[16,149],"essential":[17],"for":[18],"doctors":[19],"and":[20,71,87,96,107,115,158],"choose":[23],"a":[24,65,116,166],"course":[25],"treatment.":[27],"Recent":[28],"years":[29],"have":[30],"witnessed":[31],"development":[33],"numerous":[35],"new":[36],"cancer":[37],"survival":[38],"prediction":[39,181],"models.":[40],"Most":[41],"attempts":[42],"predict":[44],"people":[48],"with":[49,59,145],"malignant":[50],"growth":[51],"rely":[52],"on":[53],"classification":[54,119],"techniques.":[55],"We":[56,90],"could":[57],"experiment":[58],"significantly":[60],"different":[61],"results":[62,95],"using":[63,79],"only":[64],"subset":[66],"SEER":[68],"(Surveillance,":[69],"Epidemiology,":[70],"End":[72],"Results)":[73],"data.":[74],"These":[75],"models":[76,148,187],"were":[77,113,121],"created":[78],"machine":[80],"learning":[81],"techniques":[82],"by":[83],"selecting":[84],"univariate":[85],"features":[86],"calculating":[88],"correlations.":[89],"illustrated":[91],"variation":[93],"in":[94,189],"discrepancy":[97],"impurity":[99],"that":[100],"can":[101],"result":[102],"from":[103,141],"varying":[104],"data":[105],"quantities":[106],"critical":[108],"factors.":[109],"Seventeen":[110],"crucial":[111],"factors":[112],"identified,":[114],"group":[117],"algorithms":[120],"trained":[122],"evaluate":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"an":[128],"estimation":[129],"technique.":[130],"In":[131],"display":[133],"mode,":[134],"accuracy":[136],"these":[138],"computations":[139],"ranges":[140],"97%":[142],"99%\u0226long":[144],"accuracy,":[146],"further":[150],"evaluated":[151],"regarding":[152],"F1":[154],"score,":[155],"precision,":[156],"recall,":[157],"AUC":[160],"score.":[161],"Compared":[162],"earlier":[164],"studies,":[165],"more":[167],"accurate":[168],"model":[169,182],"has":[170],"been":[171],"developed,":[172],"and,":[173],"best":[176],"our":[178,180],"knowledge,":[179],"is":[183],"superior":[184],"studied":[188],"previous":[191],"works.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}