{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395017706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392240","title":"FPGA Implementation of a Fault-Tolerant Fused and Branched CNN Accelerator With Reconfigurable Capabilities","display_name":"FPGA Implementation of a Fault-Tolerant Fused and Branched CNN Accelerator With Reconfigurable Capabilities","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395017706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392240","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506477.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506477.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009959094","display_name":"Rizwan Tariq Syed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-734X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96578850","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zwmgk08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Tariq Syed","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-734X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000883390","display_name":"Yanhua Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-6550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96578850","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zwmgk08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhua Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-6550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101711633","display_name":"Junchao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-0937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96578850","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zwmgk08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junchao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-0937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039322577","display_name":"Marko Andjelkovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-2062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96578850","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zwmgk08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Andjelkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-2062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063940342","display_name":"Markus Ulbricht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9230-640X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96578850","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zwmgk08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Ulbricht","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9230-640X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004959402","display_name":"Milo\u0161 Krsti\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0267-0203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96578850","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zwmgk08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milos Krstic","raw_affiliation_strings":["IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0267-0203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96578850"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009959094"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96578850"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3904,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81623468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"57847","last_page":"57862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8202311992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7196519374847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-modular-redundancy","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","score":0.6160248517990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6122419834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.5464247465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5020461082458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.43571603298187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4306778311729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4226575493812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4099472761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3537534475326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3534975051879883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8202311992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7196519374847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196371267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3998979","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","level":3,"score":0.6160248517990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6122419834136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.5464247465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5020461082458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.43571603298187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4306778311729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4226575493812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4099472761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3537534475326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3534975051879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392240","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506477.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62d130ff6a544253bb616620b42c02ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62d130ff6a544253bb616620b42c02ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 57847-57862 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3392240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3392240","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10506477.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3640412156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16KISK009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4070284777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Open6GHub","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395017706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395017706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001610032","https://openalex.org/W2011977288","https://openalex.org/W2053346678","https://openalex.org/W2078871390","https://openalex.org/W2118476171","https://openalex.org/W2123000916","https://openalex.org/W2157847583","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2605487586","https://openalex.org/W2734572653","https://openalex.org/W2753775551","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2902083778","https://openalex.org/W2944126573","https://openalex.org/W2948457946","https://openalex.org/W2963029056","https://openalex.org/W2964108906","https://openalex.org/W2964866569","https://openalex.org/W2965973489","https://openalex.org/W2977809570","https://openalex.org/W2981743485","https://openalex.org/W2981805386","https://openalex.org/W3014034225","https://openalex.org/W3016678144","https://openalex.org/W3034939442","https://openalex.org/W3035945385","https://openalex.org/W3036979375","https://openalex.org/W3047722408","https://openalex.org/W3087086069","https://openalex.org/W3094544290","https://openalex.org/W3099264032","https://openalex.org/W3103089830","https://openalex.org/W3108883825","https://openalex.org/W3116925577","https://openalex.org/W3119962849","https://openalex.org/W3120931476","https://openalex.org/W3123046245","https://openalex.org/W3132074860","https://openalex.org/W3141797743","https://openalex.org/W3154732924","https://openalex.org/W3158512465","https://openalex.org/W3161596461","https://openalex.org/W3171324278","https://openalex.org/W3175799302","https://openalex.org/W3187862527","https://openalex.org/W3209192379","https://openalex.org/W4206217851","https://openalex.org/W4280513934","https://openalex.org/W4293095188","https://openalex.org/W4300835888","https://openalex.org/W4312867576","https://openalex.org/W4319865680","https://openalex.org/W6680860885","https://openalex.org/W6779625954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808484818","https://openalex.org/W2810427553","https://openalex.org/W2135053878","https://openalex.org/W2941434274","https://openalex.org/W2340647897","https://openalex.org/W4249632163","https://openalex.org/W1760305469","https://openalex.org/W2797161794","https://openalex.org/W2073075351","https://openalex.org/W2096938998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ImageNet":[1],"moment":[2],"was":[3],"a":[4,41,60,79,106,135,192],"turning":[5],"point":[6],"for":[7,217],"Convolutional":[8],"Neural":[9],"Networks":[10],"(CNNs),":[11],"as":[12],"it":[13],"demonstrated":[14],"their":[15],"potential":[16],"to":[17,48,70,117,183,197],"revolutionize":[18],"computer":[19],"vision":[20],"tasks.":[21,56],"This":[22,57],"triumph":[23],"of":[24,68,87,168,202],"CNNs":[25,69],"has":[26,45],"motivated":[27],"solving":[28],"even":[29,189],"more":[30,190],"complex":[31],"problems":[32],"involving":[33],"multiple":[34,37,54,72],"tasks":[35,74],"from":[36,75],"data":[38,88,95],"modalities.":[39],"Conventionally,":[40],"single":[42,80,107],"CNN":[43,108,137,211],"accelerator":[44,138],"been":[46],"optimized":[47],"perform":[49,71],"just":[50],"one":[51],"task":[52],"or":[53],"correlated":[55],"study":[58],"presents":[59],"shared-layers":[61],"approach":[62],"that":[63],"leverages":[64],"the":[65,85,118,129,199,203],"pattern-learning":[66],"capabilities":[67,141],"uncorrelated":[73],"different":[76,210,223],"modalities":[77],"using":[78,171,191],"hardware":[81,231],"accelerator.":[82],"We":[83,97,205],"overcame":[84],"challenge":[86],"imbalance":[89],"in":[90,185,221],"multi-modal":[91],"learning":[92],"by":[93,122,181],"synthetic":[94],"generation.":[96],"achieved":[98],"an":[99],"average":[100],"classification":[101],"accuracy":[102],"above":[103],"90%":[104],"on":[105,227],"accelerator,":[109],"which":[110],"would":[111],"otherwise":[112],"require":[113],"three":[114,218,222],"accelerators.":[115],"Due":[116],"reliability":[119,155],"concerns":[120],"imposed":[121],"transistor":[123],"shrinking":[124],"and":[125,133,147,174,188,215,237],"aging,":[126],"we":[127],"extended":[128],"shared":[130],"layers":[131],"methodology":[132],"introduced":[134],"fault-tolerant":[136,143],"with":[139],"reconfigurable":[140],"supporting":[142],"(FT),":[144],"high-performance":[145],"(HP),":[146],"de-stress":[148],"(DS)":[149],"modes.":[150],"FT":[151],"mode":[152,164,176],"provides":[153],"high":[154],"against":[156],"soft":[157],"errors":[158],"utilizing":[159],"double/triple":[160],"modular":[161],"redundancy,":[162],"HP":[163],"offers":[165],"peak":[166],"performance":[167],"0.979":[169],"TOPs":[170],"parallel":[172],"execution,":[173],"DS":[175],"reduces":[177],"dynamic":[178],"power":[179],"consumption":[180],"up":[182],"68.6%":[184],"clock-gated":[186],"design":[187],"partial":[193],"reconfiguration":[194],"method,":[195],"contributing":[196],"decelerating":[198],"aging":[200],"process":[201],"circuit.":[204],"have":[206],"comprehensively":[207],"evaluated":[208],"two":[209],"architectures":[212],"(i.e.,":[213],"fused":[214],"branched),":[216],"distinct":[219],"tasks,":[220],"operating":[224],"modes,":[225],"based":[226],"accuracy,":[228],"quantization,":[229],"pruning,":[230],"resource":[232],"utilization,":[233],"power,":[234],"energy,":[235],"performance,":[236],"reliability.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}