{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394938908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3391023","title":"A Novel Approach for Spam Detection Using Natural Language Processing With AMALS Models","display_name":"A Novel Approach for Spam Detection Using Natural Language Processing With AMALS Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394938908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3391023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3391023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3391023","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504798.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504798.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072152633","display_name":"Ruchi Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-9590"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruchi Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Applications, JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus, Greater Noida, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Applications, JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus, Greater Noida, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020997978","display_name":"Anshita Dhoot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-6194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153845743","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0z9322","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153845743"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anshita Dhoot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Phystech, School of Radio Engineering and Computer Technology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Phystech, School of Radio Engineering and Computer Technology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153845743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112802115","display_name":"Surya Kant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surya Kant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084238082","display_name":"Vimal Singh Bisht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal Singh Bisht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026567808","display_name":"Hasmat Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-9734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasmat Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Technologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia","Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-9734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Technologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071548273","display_name":"Md Fahim Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Fahim Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-5041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002703530","display_name":"Asyraf Afthanorhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-9062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asyraf Afthanorhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence for Islamic Civilization and Sustainability, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-9062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence for Islamic Civilization and Sustainability, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086558409","display_name":"Mohammad Asef Hossaini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4417-3918"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Asef Hossaini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Badghis University, Bala Murghab, Badghis, Afghanistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4417-3918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Badghis University, Bala Murghab, Badghis, Afghanistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072152633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.8997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98989199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"124298","last_page":"124313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8044366836547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5030185580253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47724294662475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4558878540992737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8044366836547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5030185580253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47724294662475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4558878540992737}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3391023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3391023","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504798.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8551fc1da0644b3c8da31b2849aeae07","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8551fc1da0644b3c8da31b2849aeae07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 124298-124313 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3391023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3391023","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504798.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394938908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394938908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517046895","https://openalex.org/W1548644355","https://openalex.org/W1629485395","https://openalex.org/W1636244751","https://openalex.org/W1783786644","https://openalex.org/W1810026057","https://openalex.org/W1987732684","https://openalex.org/W1994546447","https://openalex.org/W1996430944","https://openalex.org/W2043690777","https://openalex.org/W2044709159","https://openalex.org/W2135471293","https://openalex.org/W2158076717","https://openalex.org/W2216979581","https://openalex.org/W2328509792","https://openalex.org/W2398816077","https://openalex.org/W2463222478","https://openalex.org/W2470929368","https://openalex.org/W2473278781","https://openalex.org/W2474087371","https://openalex.org/W2480725775","https://openalex.org/W2514696089","https://openalex.org/W2588536020","https://openalex.org/W2589659819","https://openalex.org/W2601406972","https://openalex.org/W2607594748","https://openalex.org/W2724222212","https://openalex.org/W2732066261","https://openalex.org/W2737382974","https://openalex.org/W2749511780","https://openalex.org/W2765520544","https://openalex.org/W2792905960","https://openalex.org/W2800561326","https://openalex.org/W2804836751","https://openalex.org/W2891503321","https://openalex.org/W2903583684","https://openalex.org/W2909558473","https://openalex.org/W2921147535","https://openalex.org/W2941925769","https://openalex.org/W2949836779","https://openalex.org/W2962716332","https://openalex.org/W2991305957","https://openalex.org/W2991507433","https://openalex.org/W2999710741","https://openalex.org/W3001414675","https://openalex.org/W3002633045","https://openalex.org/W3009983180","https://openalex.org/W3011272548","https://openalex.org/W3012043050","https://openalex.org/W3027682070","https://openalex.org/W3041725488","https://openalex.org/W3041998802","https://openalex.org/W3047434459","https://openalex.org/W3082772432","https://openalex.org/W3087330443","https://openalex.org/W3088196840","https://openalex.org/W3133264793","https://openalex.org/W3135095093","https://openalex.org/W3166931362","https://openalex.org/W3195069636","https://openalex.org/W4236998864","https://openalex.org/W4249358576","https://openalex.org/W4306154355","https://openalex.org/W4386654131","https://openalex.org/W6607259140","https://openalex.org/W6636619771","https://openalex.org/W6680748510","https://openalex.org/W6712927329","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6757954571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W4226226396","https://openalex.org/W3153750606","https://openalex.org/W4308854837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,22,99],"enhance":[1],"their":[2,224],"company":[3,210],"operations,":[4],"organizations":[5],"within":[6,196],"the":[7,10,35,50,81,90,96,117,169,176,187,203,231],"industry":[8,189],"leverage":[9],"ecosystem":[11],"of":[12,19,37,52,76,83,92,183,205],"big":[13,197],"data":[14,32,38,48,84,198,225],"to":[15,29,89,107,147,186,222,229],"manage":[16],"vast":[17],"volumes":[18],"information":[20,94],"effectively.":[21],"achieve":[23],"this":[24,102,201],"objective,":[25],"it":[26,104],"is":[27,105],"imperative":[28],"analyze":[30],"textual":[31],"while":[33],"prioritizing":[34],"safeguarding":[36],"integrity":[39],"and":[40,46,120,150,154,165],"implementing":[41],"robust":[42],"measures":[43],"for":[44,124,133,160,226],"organizing":[45],"validating":[47],"through":[49],"utilization":[51],"spam":[53,134,195],"filters.":[54],"Various":[55],"methodologies":[56],"can":[57,211,220],"be":[58,212],"employed,":[59],"including":[60],"Word2Vec,":[61],"bag-of-words,":[62],"BERT,":[63],"as":[64,66],"well":[65],"term":[67],"frequency":[68,72],"&":[69],"reciprocal":[70],"document":[71,114],"(TF-IDF).":[73],"Nevertheless,":[74],"none":[75],"these":[77],"solutions":[78],"effectively":[79],"address":[80,101],"problem":[82],"scarcity,":[85],"which":[86,219],"might":[87],"lead":[88,221],"existence":[91],"missing":[93,162],"in":[95,192],"collected":[97],"documents.":[98],"properly":[100],"problem,":[103],"necessary":[106],"employ":[108],"a":[109,130,144,180,209],"strategy":[110,142],"that":[111,175],"categorizes":[112],"each":[113],"based":[115],"on":[116],"topic":[118],"matter":[119],"uses":[121],"statistical":[122],"approaches":[123],"approximation.":[125],"This":[126],"research":[127],"paper":[128],"presents":[129],"novel":[131],"approach":[132],"detection":[135],"using":[136],"natural":[137],"language":[138],"processing.":[139],"The":[140,171],"proposed":[141],"utilizes":[143],"least-squares":[145,156],"model":[146,191],"modify":[148],"themes":[149],"incorporates":[151],"gradient":[152],"descent":[153],"altering":[155],"(i.e.,":[157],"AMALS)":[158],"models":[159],"estimating":[161],"data.":[163],"TF-IDF":[164,190],"uniform-distribution":[166],"methods":[167],"perform":[168],"estimation.":[170],"performance":[172,182],"evaluation":[173],"reveals":[174],"suggested":[177],"technique":[178],"exhibits":[179],"superior":[181],"98%":[184],"compared":[185],"existing":[188],"accurately":[193],"predicting":[194],"ecosystems.":[199],"By":[200],"model,":[202],"environment":[204],"an":[206],"organization":[207],"or":[208,216],"saved":[213],"from":[214],"spamming":[215],"other":[217],"attacks,":[218],"extracting":[223],"unauthorized":[227],"users":[228],"protect":[230],"details.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
