{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394896991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390391","title":"Ultra-Wideband Radar-Based Sleep Stage Classification in Smartphone Using an End-to-End Deep Learning","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Radar-Based Sleep Stage Classification in Smartphone Using an End-to-End Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394896991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3390391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390391","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504259.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319928","display_name":"Jonghyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-7617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonghyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-7617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102722551","display_name":"Seung-Man Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungman Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111175613","display_name":"Gihsung Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gihsung Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095747985","display_name":"Ivo Junior Leal Zanghettin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9517-9957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161640","display_name":"Samsung (Brazil)","ror":"https://ror.org/052a20h63","country_code":"BR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210161640"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivo Junior Leal Zanghettin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics in Campinas, Samsung Research and Development Institute Brazil, Campinas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9517-9957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics in Campinas, Samsung Research and Development Institute Brazil, Campinas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161640"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951021","display_name":"Jonghee Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4892-3985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonghee Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4892-3985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seoul, Seocho, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Healthcare Solution Lab, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100319928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8677,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69151273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"61252","last_page":"61264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.6745526790618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6658925414085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.632114052772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.6206640601158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.556540310382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5103561282157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46823376417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.44944527745246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3314814567565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26175862550735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apnea","display_name":"Apnea","score":0.18583348393440247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.6745526790618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6658925414085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.632114052772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.6206640601158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.556540310382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5103561282157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46823376417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.44944527745246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3314814567565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26175862550735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.18583348393440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3390391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390391","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67540032f9a74b96a64b8d9f913fea8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67540032f9a74b96a64b8d9f913fea8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 61252-61264 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3390391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390391","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394896991.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394896991.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160785014","https://openalex.org/W1743946132","https://openalex.org/W1937674079","https://openalex.org/W2025308968","https://openalex.org/W2125118901","https://openalex.org/W2143159308","https://openalex.org/W2158108973","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2405033843","https://openalex.org/W2492808868","https://openalex.org/W2515196851","https://openalex.org/W2592790085","https://openalex.org/W2604096629","https://openalex.org/W2731010577","https://openalex.org/W2755886318","https://openalex.org/W2760945841","https://openalex.org/W2774835643","https://openalex.org/W2783583073","https://openalex.org/W2783758433","https://openalex.org/W2805075551","https://openalex.org/W2806317755","https://openalex.org/W2807259072","https://openalex.org/W2898439175","https://openalex.org/W2901273231","https://openalex.org/W2920016582","https://openalex.org/W2963118547","https://openalex.org/W2984929129","https://openalex.org/W3010200460","https://openalex.org/W3026648951","https://openalex.org/W3040828038","https://openalex.org/W3041002261","https://openalex.org/W3081605224","https://openalex.org/W3117339351","https://openalex.org/W3153961130","https://openalex.org/W3156201172","https://openalex.org/W3158818505","https://openalex.org/W4205713197","https://openalex.org/W4210262425","https://openalex.org/W4283380195","https://openalex.org/W4313646966","https://openalex.org/W6713411490","https://openalex.org/W6723334264","https://openalex.org/W6740609221","https://openalex.org/W6741771580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390146185","https://openalex.org/W3121188996","https://openalex.org/W2084125138","https://openalex.org/W4308561096","https://openalex.org/W4407547038","https://openalex.org/W3200508116","https://openalex.org/W2841059565","https://openalex.org/W2136162213","https://openalex.org/W2376497661","https://openalex.org/W2294987193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,30],"an":[1,195],"increasing":[2,25],"number":[3],"of":[4,44,50,77,107,143,188,217,221],"people":[5],"suffer":[6],"from":[7,27,116,172],"sleep":[8,14,16,31,37,45,57,61,80,204,228],"disorders,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"insomnia":[12],"or":[13],"apnea,":[15,122],"monitoring":[17,81],"and":[18,110,148,156,176,201,211,219,248],"management":[19],"using":[20,64,123],"consumer":[21],"devices":[22],"have":[23],"gained":[24],"attention":[26],"research":[28],"communities.":[29],"quality":[32],"is":[33,53,98],"closely":[34],"related":[35],"to":[36,163,180],"structure":[38],"based":[39],"on":[40,74,91,135,241],"hypnograms,":[41],"the":[42,48,51,75,84,89,139,165,182,186,199],"classification":[43,63],"stages":[46,205,229],"over":[47],"course":[49],"night":[52],"important":[54],"for":[55,83],"accurate":[56],"monitoring.":[58],"We":[59,72,103],"present":[60],"stage":[62],"a":[65,92,95,124,130,136,157,239,242],"smartphone":[66,90,128,240],"equipped":[67],"with":[68,121,129,167,233],"ultra-wideband":[69],"(UWB)":[70],"radar.":[71],"focused":[73],"development":[76],"easily":[78],"accessible":[79],"system":[82],"general":[85],"population":[86],"by":[87,184,236],"placing":[88,238],"table":[93,137],"near":[94,138],"bed,":[96],"which":[97],"commonly":[99],"used":[100],"during":[101],"sleep.":[102],"collected":[104],"509":[105],"nights":[106],"UWB":[108,131,177,189],"radar":[109,132,178,190],"nocturnal":[111],"in-laboratory":[112],"polysomnography":[113],"(PSG)":[114],"data":[115,179],"various":[117],"participants,":[118],"including":[119],"patients":[120],"customized":[125],"Samsung":[126],"Galaxy":[127],"chip":[133],"placed":[134],"bed.":[140],"A":[141],"combination":[142],"1D":[144],"convolutional":[145],"neural":[146],"network":[147],"transformer":[149],"architecture":[150],"was":[151,161],"proposed":[152],"in":[153,215,250],"this":[154],"study,":[155],"domain":[158],"adaptation":[159],"technique":[160],"applied":[162],"train":[164],"model":[166],"both":[168],"large-scale":[169],"respiratory":[170],"signals":[171],"open":[173],"database":[174],"PSGs":[175],"boost":[181],"performance":[183],"overcoming":[185],"lack":[187],"data.":[191],"With":[192],"5-fold":[193],"validation,":[194],"epoch-by-epoch":[196],"comparison":[197],"between":[198],"predicted":[200],"expert-annotated":[202],"four":[203],"(Wake,":[206],"REM":[207],"sleep,":[208,210],"light":[209],"deep":[212],"sleep)":[213],"resulted":[214],"0.76":[216],"accuracy":[218,235],"0.64":[220],"Cohen\u2019s":[222],"kappa.":[223],"This":[224],"study":[225],"demonstrated":[226],"that":[227],"can":[230],"be":[231],"monitored":[232],"substantial":[234],"simply":[237],"bedtable,":[243],"making":[244],"it":[245],"highly":[246],"usable":[247],"reliable":[249],"real":[251],"use":[252],"cases.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
