{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391912678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390089","title":"Statistical and Machine Learning Models for Predicting Fire and Other Emergency Events in the City of Edmonton","display_name":"Statistical and Machine Learning Models for Predicting Fire and Other Emergency Events in the City of Edmonton","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391912678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3390089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504282.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081166308","display_name":"Dilli Prasad Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-3850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilli Prasad Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-3850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016091854","display_name":"Nasim Beigi-Mohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-5920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasim Beigi-Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057527223","display_name":"Hongxiang Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-9157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxiang Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-9157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111131369","display_name":"Dawn Dixon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fire Rescue Services, City of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire Rescue Services, City of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093949523","display_name":"Rob Madro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Madro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fire Rescue Services, City of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire Rescue Services, City of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093949524","display_name":"Phil Emmenegger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800934870","display_name":"Telus (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/040vbkv27","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phil Emmenegger","raw_affiliation_strings":["TELUS Communications Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELUS Communications Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072766329","display_name":"Carlos Tobar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-4369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800934870","display_name":"Telus (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/040vbkv27","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Tobar","raw_affiliation_strings":["TELUS Communications Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELUS Communications Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062850958","display_name":"Jeff Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800934870","display_name":"Telus (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/040vbkv27","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["TELUS Communications Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELUS Communications Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800934870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055726968","display_name":"Alberto Leon\u2010Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Leon-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-0389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7719,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8186929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"56880","last_page":"56909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11824","display_name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6321107149124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.584135890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5443590879440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-management","display_name":"Emergency management","score":0.45934468507766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4144974648952484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.33814287185668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.320421427488327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.30151426792144775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6321107149124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.584135890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5443590879440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.45934468507766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4144974648952484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33814287185668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.320421427488327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30151426792144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3390089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.09553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09553","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.09553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af8021f1d6254994a79bde741c22583d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af8021f1d6254994a79bde741c22583d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 56880-56909 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3390089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3390089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10504282.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8742171805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"576812","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391912678.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391912678.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967005434","https://openalex.org/W1973628995","https://openalex.org/W2123998733","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2291023960","https://openalex.org/W2753666478","https://openalex.org/W2781420345","https://openalex.org/W2798249343","https://openalex.org/W2808862972","https://openalex.org/W2884796212","https://openalex.org/W2898788157","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2997643818","https://openalex.org/W3018468978","https://openalex.org/W3090429911","https://openalex.org/W3123604524","https://openalex.org/W3126854480","https://openalex.org/W3175605680","https://openalex.org/W3198303548","https://openalex.org/W4212805057","https://openalex.org/W4312883164","https://openalex.org/W4362538109","https://openalex.org/W4387949423","https://openalex.org/W4389799342","https://openalex.org/W4390245779","https://openalex.org/W6602898124","https://openalex.org/W6775047284","https://openalex.org/W6854174313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2370918718","https://openalex.org/W4318612353","https://openalex.org/W4389829534","https://openalex.org/W4400065455","https://openalex.org/W4390939596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emergency":[0],"events":[1,21,56,239],"in":[2,30,57,211],"a":[3,45,139,254],"city":[4],"cause":[5],"considerable":[6],"economic":[7],"loss":[8],"to":[9],"individuals,":[10],"their":[11],"families,":[12],"and":[13,17,27,33,70,80,90,97,101,119,131,147,160,186,240],"the":[14,24,35,58,108,124,135,170,177,193,199,202,206,229,232,236,242,258,261],"community.":[15],"Accurate":[16],"timely":[18],"prediction":[19,105,182,194,263],"of":[20,37,48,54,60,76,104,110,112,126,141,176,201,231,238,244,260],"can":[22,208],"help":[23],"emergency":[25,38,55],"fire":[26,161,203,214],"rescue":[28,215],"services":[29],"preparing":[31],"for":[32,51,66,107,143,174,184,218,222],"mitigating":[34],"consequences":[36],"events.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"present":[44,64],"systematic":[46],"development":[47,103],"predictive":[49,149],"models":[50,106,150,171],"various":[52],"types":[53,128,179],"City":[59],"Edmonton,":[61],"Canada.":[62],"We":[63,122,155,226],"methods":[65],"(i)":[67],"data":[68,133],"collection":[69],"dataset":[71],"development;":[72],"(ii)":[73],"descriptive":[74],"analysis":[75,89,96],"each":[77,113,144],"event":[78,114,127,145,178,245,262],"type":[79,115],"its":[81],"characteristics":[82],"at":[83,116,134,158,198],"different":[84,117],"spatiotemporal":[85],"levels;":[86],"(iii)":[87],"feature":[88,98],"selection":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93,235,241,257],"correlation":[94],"coefficient":[95],"importance":[99],"analysis;":[100],"(iv)":[102],"likelihood":[109],"occurrence":[111,237],"temporal":[118],"spatial":[120],"resolutions.":[121],"analyze":[123],"association":[125],"with":[129,151,180],"socioeconomic":[130],"demographic":[132],"neighborhood":[136,159],"level,":[137],"identify":[138],"set":[140],"predictors":[142],"type,":[146],"develop":[148],"negative":[152],"binomial":[153],"regression.":[154],"conduct":[156],"evaluations":[157],"station":[162],"service":[163,216],"area":[164],"levels.":[165],"Our":[166,248],"results":[167],"show":[168,250],"that":[169,192,251],"perform":[172],"well":[173],"most":[175],"acceptable":[181],"errors":[183],"weekly":[185],"monthly":[187],"periods.":[188,225],"The":[189],"evaluation":[190],"shows":[191],"accuracy":[195,243],"is":[196],"consistent":[197],"level":[200],"station,":[204],"so":[205],"predictions":[207],"be":[209],"used":[210],"management":[212],"by":[213],"departments":[217],"planning":[219],"resource":[220],"allocation":[221],"these":[223],"time":[224],"also":[227],"examine":[228],"impact":[230,256],"COVID-19":[233,252],"pandemic":[234],"predictor":[246],"models.":[247,264],"findings":[249],"had":[253],"significant":[255],"performance":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}