{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394828212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3388717","title":"Power Consumption and Reduction of High-Power Amplifier in 5G NR Downlink","display_name":"Power Consumption and Reduction of High-Power Amplifier in 5G NR Downlink","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394828212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3388717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3388717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3388717","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10499808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10499808.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029653614","display_name":"Yuki Takagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8546-4798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120159","display_name":"SoftBank Group (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ew2ks20","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Takagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8546-4798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040472163","display_name":"Takashi Hirakawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-7630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120159","display_name":"SoftBank Group (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ew2ks20","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Hirakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-7630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066081599","display_name":"Mitsukuni Konishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120159","display_name":"SoftBank Group (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ew2ks20","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitsukuni Konishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-1545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080013629","display_name":"Yoshichika Ohta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7638-7641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120159","display_name":"SoftBank Group (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ew2ks20","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshichika Ohta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","Department of Electrical and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7638-7641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029653614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120159"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76456782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"55051","last_page":"55061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.859499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.859499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6790933012962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.6058971881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6018236875534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5519654750823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5338937044143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48425957560539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.41447409987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3692915439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.17399337887763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1635814607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12471744418144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1033887267112732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6790933012962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.6058971881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6018236875534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5519654750823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5338937044143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48425957560539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41447409987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3692915439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.17399337887763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1635814607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12471744418144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1033887267112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3388717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3388717","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10499808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce8e66ebcc124222adf0b73f501bbc28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce8e66ebcc124222adf0b73f501bbc28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 55051-55061 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3388717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3388717","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10499808.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2074500853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ012368C07701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394828212.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394828212.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985212404","https://openalex.org/W2036323846","https://openalex.org/W2060183743","https://openalex.org/W2101055757","https://openalex.org/W2107682368","https://openalex.org/W2114791139","https://openalex.org/W2145709125","https://openalex.org/W2166185984","https://openalex.org/W2316104650","https://openalex.org/W2417471049","https://openalex.org/W2757844680","https://openalex.org/W2782230172","https://openalex.org/W2806535249","https://openalex.org/W2894233836","https://openalex.org/W2954857446","https://openalex.org/W2957529329","https://openalex.org/W2972069117","https://openalex.org/W3011863458","https://openalex.org/W3120586454","https://openalex.org/W3129149792","https://openalex.org/W3156195074","https://openalex.org/W3157824605","https://openalex.org/W3161343972","https://openalex.org/W4301016215","https://openalex.org/W4301491227","https://openalex.org/W4312602755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W3040536194","https://openalex.org/W2097713053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,81],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,84,109,137,144,153,185,191,202,216],"method":[4],"for":[5,46,88],"estimating":[6],"the":[7,18,25,33,61,89,103,117,127,132,169,172,176,222,227],"power":[8,14,48,93,97,118,194],"consumption":[9,49,98,119],"of":[10,35,136,152,188,195],"radio":[11,21],"frequency":[12],"(RF)":[13],"amplifiers":[15],"(PAs)":[16],"within":[17],"5G":[19,62,110],"new":[20],"(NR)":[22],"downlink":[23,112],"(from":[24],"base":[26],"station":[27],"to":[28,76,159,171,226],"user":[29,36,55,114],"equipment),":[30],"particularly":[31],"in":[32,60,83,108,157],"absence":[34],"data.":[37,115],"We":[38],"also":[39],"outline":[40],"an":[41],"RF":[42],"PA":[43,90,96,142],"design":[44],"strategy":[45],"low":[47],"and":[50,91,105],"high":[51],"efficiency.":[52],"When":[53],"no":[54],"data":[56],"signal":[57,104,134,220],"is":[58,120,143],"transmitted,":[59],"NR":[63,111],"downlink,":[64],"considerably":[65],"fewer":[66],"fixed-transmission":[67],"signals,":[68,72],"such":[69],"as":[70],"reference":[71],"are":[73],"involved":[74],"compared":[75],"4G":[77],"long-term":[78],"evolution":[79],"(LTE).":[80],"results":[82],"reduced":[85],"operating":[86],"time":[87],"decreased":[92],"consumption.":[94],"The":[95,140,180],"was":[99,211],"calculated":[100],"by":[101],"analyzing":[102],"nonsignaling":[106],"periods":[107],"without":[113],"Furthermore,":[116],"estimated":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"measurements":[124],"obtained":[125],"from":[126,206],"continuous":[128],"wave":[129],"(CW)":[130],"or":[131,233],"full-buffer":[133],"input/output":[135],"fabricated":[138,141,181],"PA.":[139],"Doherty":[145,182],"amplifier,":[146],"whose":[147],"impedance":[148],"conversion":[149],"circuit":[150],"consists":[151],"transmission":[154],"line":[155],"connected":[156],"parallel":[158],"two":[160],"<italic":[161],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">T</i>":[163],"-shaped":[164],"stubs.":[165],"It":[166],"can":[167],"short-circuit":[168],"second":[170],"fifth":[173,228],"harmonics":[174],"at":[175,190,198,215],"same":[177],"connection":[178],"point.":[179],"amplifier":[183],"achieved":[184],"drain":[186,209],"efficiency":[187,210],"60.2%":[189],"saturated":[192],"output":[193],"48.6":[196],"dBm":[197,218],"1852.5":[199],"MHz.":[200],"At":[201],"6":[203],"dB":[204],"back-off":[205],"saturation,":[207],"its":[208],"51.9%.":[212],"In":[213],"addition,":[214],"39.6":[217],"modulated":[219],"output,":[221],"spurious":[223],"levels":[224],"up":[225],"harmonic":[229],"were":[230],"-15.8":[231],"dBm/MHz":[232],"less.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}