{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394698981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3387342","title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease Detection From Online Handwriting Based on Beta-Elliptical Approach and Fuzzy Perceptual Detector","display_name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease Detection From Online Handwriting Based on Beta-Elliptical Approach and Fuzzy Perceptual Detector","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394698981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3387342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3387342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3387342","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10496067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10496067.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093430823","display_name":"Mohammed F. Allebawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0826-7478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155527","display_name":"Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04hsvhf62","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]}],"countries":["IQ","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed F. Allebawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia","National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0826-7478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Institute of Babylon, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025134674","display_name":"Thameur Dhieb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-2204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35845393","display_name":"University of Gafsa","ror":"https://ror.org/01kzjzn40","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35845393"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thameur Dhieb","raw_affiliation_strings":["REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","Higher Institute of Business Administration, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia","National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-2204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute of Business Administration, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35845393"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090035836","display_name":"Mohamed N\u00e9ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-2116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Neji","raw_affiliation_strings":["REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","National School of Electronics and Telecommunications (Enet'Com), University of Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-2116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Electronics and Telecommunications (Enet'Com), University of Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103808662","display_name":"Nouha Farhat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165772","display_name":"Hopital Universitaire Habib Bourguiba","ror":"https://ror.org/052g5ww90","country_code":"TN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouha Farhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051135014","display_name":"Emna Smaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2981-855X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165772","display_name":"Hopital Universitaire Habib Bourguiba","ror":"https://ror.org/052g5ww90","country_code":"TN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emna Smaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2981-855X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027895815","display_name":"Tarek M. Hamdani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-6056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarek M. Hamdani","raw_affiliation_strings":["REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","Higher Institute of Computer Science Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia","National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-6056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute of Computer Science Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013277585","display_name":"Mariem Damak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165772","display_name":"Hopital Universitaire Habib Bourguiba","ror":"https://ror.org/052g5ww90","country_code":"TN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariem Damak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018531632","display_name":"Chokri Mhiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7591-6994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165772","display_name":"Hopital Universitaire Habib Bourguiba","ror":"https://ror.org/052g5ww90","country_code":"TN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chokri Mhiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Parkinson's disease and Cerebrovascular Disease (LR-12-SP-19), University of Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026218367","display_name":"Bilel Neji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-4896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilel Neji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Egaila, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-4896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Egaila, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055822464","display_name":"Taha Beyrouthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-7116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taha Beyrouthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Egaila, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-7116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Egaila, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053613060","display_name":"Adel M. Alimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-3384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["TN","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel M. Alimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-3384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), REsearch Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM Laboratory), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.5443,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9878014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"56936","last_page":"56950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9638000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9300000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7686994075775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6474007964134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6069034934043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6035626530647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta","display_name":"BETA (programming language)","score":0.530188262462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5128255486488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.49072539806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.470943808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45564162731170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1775428056716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1691204011440277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7686994075775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6474007964134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6069034934043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6035626530647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830842","display_name":"BETA (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.530188262462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5128255486488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.49072539806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.470943808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45564162731170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1775428056716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1691204011440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3387342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3387342","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10496067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:557fcda7d11c4cd8b8c97621ab90d653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/557fcda7d11c4cd8b8c97621ab90d653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 56936-56950 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3387342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3387342","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10496067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394698981.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394698981.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W950853366","https://openalex.org/W1561072761","https://openalex.org/W1885639605","https://openalex.org/W2002577886","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2079403629","https://openalex.org/W2102139201","https://openalex.org/W2103432111","https://openalex.org/W2106350754","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2181704387","https://openalex.org/W2265145536","https://openalex.org/W2509693243","https://openalex.org/W2736196660","https://openalex.org/W2762977765","https://openalex.org/W2888132296","https://openalex.org/W2894696376","https://openalex.org/W2899932464","https://openalex.org/W2914973610","https://openalex.org/W2962962548","https://openalex.org/W2964753165","https://openalex.org/W2971278655","https://openalex.org/W2983538455","https://openalex.org/W3106870453","https://openalex.org/W3107914091","https://openalex.org/W3122227093","https://openalex.org/W3125245318","https://openalex.org/W3165933593","https://openalex.org/W3197751802","https://openalex.org/W3206212441","https://openalex.org/W4206408428","https://openalex.org/W4206840072","https://openalex.org/W4211062662","https://openalex.org/W4220928970","https://openalex.org/W4285206768","https://openalex.org/W4289690809","https://openalex.org/W4294991108","https://openalex.org/W4299293190","https://openalex.org/W4307347386","https://openalex.org/W4312330751","https://openalex.org/W4313591347","https://openalex.org/W4319298024","https://openalex.org/W4322581452","https://openalex.org/W4327663221","https://openalex.org/W4382999362","https://openalex.org/W4388983766","https://openalex.org/W4389041067","https://openalex.org/W4389385767","https://openalex.org/W6686068273","https://openalex.org/W6755666968","https://openalex.org/W6766178723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2063708026","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W2381764175","https://openalex.org/W2561540377","https://openalex.org/W2360066868","https://openalex.org/W3084909207","https://openalex.org/W1694630026","https://openalex.org/W3166464480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83,150],"increasing":[1],"age":[2],"of":[3,12,29,49,53,96,134,157,181],"our":[4,135,158,176],"society":[5],"is":[6,20,106],"connected":[7],"to":[8,93],"a":[9,59,139],"rising":[10],"number":[11,28],"people":[13],"suffering":[14],"from":[15],"disorders.":[16],"One":[17],"such":[18],"disorder":[19],"Parkinson\u2019s":[21,75,148],"disease":[22,76],"(PD).":[23],"Predictions":[24],"indicate":[25],"that":[26,175],"the":[27,39,50,94,110,114,127,132,155,166,179],"individuals":[30],"affected":[31],"by":[32],"PD":[33,54],"will":[34],"more,":[35],"than":[36],"double":[37],"in":[38],"future.":[40],"Neurologists":[41],"and":[42,55,89,113],"data":[43,87],"scientists":[44],"consider":[45],"handwriting":[46,98,143],"as":[47,58],"one":[48],"motor":[51],"symptoms":[52],"recognize":[56],"it":[57],"valuable":[60],"resource":[61],"for":[62,74,126,146],"detecting":[63,147],"this":[64,67],"disorder.":[65],"Within":[66],"framework,":[68],"we":[69,119,137,152,169],"introduce":[70],"an":[71],"innovative":[72],"system":[73,177],"detection,":[77],"which":[78],"encompasses":[79],"several":[80],"key":[81],"stages.":[82],"process":[84],"commences":[85],"with":[86],"augmentation":[88],"preprocessing,":[90],"subsequently":[91],"leading":[92],"segmentation":[95],"online":[97,141],"into":[99],"Beta":[100],"strokes.":[101],"Following":[102],"that,":[103],"feature":[104],"extraction":[105],"carried":[107],"out":[108],"utilizing":[109],"Beta-elliptical":[111],"approach":[112],"fuzzy":[115],"perceptual":[116],"detector.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"employ":[120],"bidirectional":[121],"long":[122],"short-term":[123],"memory":[124],"(BLSTM)":[125],"classification":[128],"task.":[129],"To":[130],"assess":[131],"performance":[133,180],"system,":[136],"created":[138],"new":[140],"Arabic":[142],"dataset":[144],"designed":[145],"disease.":[149],"results":[151],"obtained":[153],"affirm":[154],"efficacy":[156],"proposed":[159],"system.":[160],"Through":[161],"comprehensive":[162],"evaluations":[163],"conducted":[164],"on":[165],"PaHaW":[167],"dataset,":[168],"achieved":[170],"good":[171],"accuracy,":[172],"thereby":[173],"highlighting":[174],"surpasses":[178],"existing":[182],"systems.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
