{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394627331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386782","title":"Compact Antipodal Vivaldi Array With UWB Beam Steering and Element AMC Inclusions for Scattering Reduction","display_name":"Compact Antipodal Vivaldi Array With UWB Beam Steering and Element AMC Inclusions for Scattering Reduction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394627331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386782","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495046.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495046.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079560640","display_name":"Callum J. Hodgkinson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Callum J. Hodgkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Imaging, Data, and Communications (IDCOM), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K","Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems (ISSS), Heriot-Watt Univesity, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Imaging, Data, and Communications (IDCOM), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems (ISSS), Heriot-Watt Univesity, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076353540","display_name":"Dimitris E. Anagnostou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4266-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085930","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/0059w0420","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris E. Anagnostou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems (ISSS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4266-0309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems (ISSS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085930","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055257037","display_name":"Symon K. Podilchak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-6732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symon K. Podilchak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Imaging, Data, and Communications (IDCOM), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K","Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems (ISSS), Heriot-Watt Univesity, Scotland, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-6732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Imaging, Data, and Communications (IDCOM), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sensors, Signals, and Systems (ISSS), Heriot-Watt Univesity, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079560640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.1966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96538969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"68757","last_page":"68769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipodal-point","display_name":"Antipodal point","score":0.8691457509994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.7317827939987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.5811737775802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vivaldi-antenna","display_name":"Vivaldi antenna","score":0.5587260723114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.4894050657749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4781152606010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4751400947570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.43055298924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3525732755661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33575719594955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17451947927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.15156954526901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.14067551493644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09721696376800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09090664982795715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70943382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505356","display_name":"Antipodal point","level":2,"score":0.8691457509994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7317827939987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.5811737775802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778682799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690600","display_name":"Vivaldi antenna","level":4,"score":0.5587260723114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.4894050657749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4781152606010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4751400947570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43055298924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3525732755661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33575719594955444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17451947927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.15156954526901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.14067551493644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09721696376800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09090664982795715}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386782","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495046.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0de29cc0f174126a5c3d4945f912f39","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0de29cc0f174126a5c3d4945f912f39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 68757-68769 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/844e1d28-c66f-4301-83ab-d4715aced59b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/432816767/FINAL_PAPER.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hodgkinson, C, Anagnostou, D & Podilchak, S 2024, 'Compact Antipodal Vivaldi Array with UWB Beam Steering and Element AMC Inclusions for Scattering Reduction', IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 68757-68769. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3386782","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/844e1d28-c66f-4301-83ab-d4715aced59b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/844e1d28-c66f-4301-83ab-d4715aced59b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hodgkinson, C, Anagnostou, D & Podilchak, S 2024, 'Compact Antipodal Vivaldi Array with UWB Beam Steering and Element AMC Inclusions for Scattering Reduction', IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 68757-68769. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3386782","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386782","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495046.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306132","display_name":"American Society for Engineering Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03ac64295"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311518","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317270","display_name":"South Dakota School of Mines and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ch7yk27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320332","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321832","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322015","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324158","display_name":"Trakya \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/00xa0xn82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394627331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394627331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498332621","https://openalex.org/W1970877766","https://openalex.org/W2013600416","https://openalex.org/W2034560262","https://openalex.org/W2050303267","https://openalex.org/W2075692945","https://openalex.org/W2100657280","https://openalex.org/W2120195394","https://openalex.org/W2120936126","https://openalex.org/W2131032441","https://openalex.org/W2132071745","https://openalex.org/W2141491291","https://openalex.org/W2156831229","https://openalex.org/W2246264786","https://openalex.org/W2557281475","https://openalex.org/W2591716156","https://openalex.org/W2592812797","https://openalex.org/W2766478483","https://openalex.org/W2784193022","https://openalex.org/W2794641786","https://openalex.org/W2795116346","https://openalex.org/W2900801449","https://openalex.org/W2904942230","https://openalex.org/W2912463400","https://openalex.org/W2945110093","https://openalex.org/W3000363937","https://openalex.org/W3008581558","https://openalex.org/W3015244377","https://openalex.org/W3017592360","https://openalex.org/W3093492294","https://openalex.org/W3098072980","https://openalex.org/W3162590064","https://openalex.org/W3163307916","https://openalex.org/W3172324164","https://openalex.org/W4205161125","https://openalex.org/W4214749394","https://openalex.org/W4294068705","https://openalex.org/W6731555781","https://openalex.org/W6773533264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1939732758","https://openalex.org/W2959097168","https://openalex.org/W2553515822","https://openalex.org/W2783711321","https://openalex.org/W2004436604","https://openalex.org/W2064299746","https://openalex.org/W4313164593","https://openalex.org/W2106885835","https://openalex.org/W2618967786","https://openalex.org/W2070038236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"compact":[1,51,149,171],"antipodal":[2],"Vivaldi":[3],"antenna":[4],"array":[5,19,71,102],"(AVAA)":[6],"with":[7,41,79,185],"ultra-wideband":[8],"(UWB)":[9],"beam":[10],"steering":[11],"capabilities":[12],"is":[13,86,116,145,151,156,183],"presented.":[14],"The":[15,50,84],"fabricated":[16],"and":[17,35,44,63,113,136,139,179],"measured":[18],"prototype":[20],"has":[21,57],"good":[22],"matching":[23,77],"from":[24,127],"about":[25],"1.5":[26],"GHz":[27,30,131],"to":[28,72,105,129],"11":[29],"(147%)":[31],"for":[32,133,148],"all":[33],"ports":[34],"can":[36],"achieve":[37],"wide":[38],"angle":[39],"steering,":[40],"low":[42],"side-lobe":[43],"cross-pol":[45],"levels,":[46],"within":[47],"that":[48],"range.":[49],"118.6mm":[52],"x":[53],"81mm":[54],"design":[55],"also":[56,146],"a":[58],"maximum":[59],"gain":[60],"of":[61,92,100,159,169],"13.5dBi":[62],"the":[64,70,90,98,101,119,125,157,170],"13.6mm":[65],"E-Plane":[66],"element":[67],"spacing":[68],"allows":[69],"be":[73],"steered":[74],"across":[75],"this":[76,114,140],"range":[78],"no":[80],"grating":[81],"lobes":[82],"present.":[83],"AVAA":[85,172],"further":[87],"enhanced":[88],"by":[89,164],"introduction":[91],"artificial":[93],"magnetic":[94],"conductors":[95],"(AMCs)":[96],"onto":[97],"surface":[99],"elements":[103],"themselves":[104],"reduce":[106,124],"broadside":[107],"scattering,":[108],"without":[109],"increasing":[110],"aperture":[111],"size,":[112],"approach":[115],"non-conventional.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"small":[120],"rectangular":[121],"AMC":[122,166],"cells":[123],"scattering":[126,141],"5.7":[128],"18.4":[130],"(105%)":[132],"both":[134],"horizontal":[135],"vertical":[137],"polarisations":[138],"reduction":[142],"approach,":[143],"which":[144],"critical":[147],"implementations,":[150],"verified":[152],"through":[153],"measurements":[154],"as":[155],"absence":[158],"any":[160],"performance":[161],"degradations":[162],"caused":[163],"these":[165],"inclusions.":[167],"Applications":[168],"include":[173],"imaging,":[174],"new":[175],"UWB":[176,181],"radar":[177],"systems,":[178],"whenever":[180],"beamsteering":[182],"required":[184],"reduced":[186],"scattering.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-24T08:23:43.765630","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}