{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394627349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386591","title":"Multivariate Technique for Detecting Variations in High-Dimensional Imagery","display_name":"Multivariate Technique for Detecting Variations in High-Dimensional Imagery","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394627349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495031.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082607560","display_name":"Ridwan A. Sanusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-2670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ridwan A. Sanusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-2670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023156430","display_name":"Jimoh Olawale Ajadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-8155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimoh Olawale Ajadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Department of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-8155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054172192","display_name":"Saddam Akber Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1843-8863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saddam Akber Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Statistics Program, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","Statistics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","Statistical Consulting Unit, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1843-8863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Statistics Program, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Consulting Unit, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079423951","display_name":"T. O. Dauda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45711476","display_name":"Obafemi Awolowo University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snhqa82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taofik O. Dauda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria","Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-7143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45711476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054091828","display_name":"Nurudeen A. Adegoke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7592-5460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118383","display_name":"Melanoma Institute Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/02jxrhq31","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118383"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurudeen A. Adegoke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118383","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6123,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66061794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"55874","last_page":"55888"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.6251290440559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5406093597412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5269438028335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis-of-variance","display_name":"Multivariate analysis of variance","score":0.4860968589782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4731895923614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","score":0.44541552662849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4441727101802826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.426497220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dimensional","display_name":"High dimensional","score":0.41697654128074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40886324644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3704102039337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34143301844596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29750004410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2608628273010254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.6251290440559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5406093597412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5269438028335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192424360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929408","display_name":"Multivariate analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.4860968589782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4731895923614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.44541552662849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4441727101802826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.426497220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019722297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4440864","display_name":"High dimensional","level":2,"score":0.41697654128074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40886324644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3704102039337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34143301844596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29750004410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2608628273010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/60031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/60031","pdf_url":"http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/bitstream/10576/60031/1/Multivariate_Technique_for_Detecting_Variations_in_High-Dimensional_Imagery.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41e7abfaacdc40f69c3fbe7f5462d585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41e7abfaacdc40f69c3fbe7f5462d585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 55874-55888 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29714354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10495031.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394627349.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394627349.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577871831","https://openalex.org/W1970950689","https://openalex.org/W1988380277","https://openalex.org/W1995234326","https://openalex.org/W2028190708","https://openalex.org/W2037757210","https://openalex.org/W2041836310","https://openalex.org/W2045390367","https://openalex.org/W2048003030","https://openalex.org/W2053171205","https://openalex.org/W2065181772","https://openalex.org/W2073031580","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2088658556","https://openalex.org/W2089497633","https://openalex.org/W2129338773","https://openalex.org/W2137570937","https://openalex.org/W2143003731","https://openalex.org/W2147717514","https://openalex.org/W2152402969","https://openalex.org/W2164765928","https://openalex.org/W2410864298","https://openalex.org/W2470483478","https://openalex.org/W2762147577","https://openalex.org/W2764161872","https://openalex.org/W2790973892","https://openalex.org/W2910336190","https://openalex.org/W2912137016","https://openalex.org/W2953369775","https://openalex.org/W2972838253","https://openalex.org/W2977942577","https://openalex.org/W2978203211","https://openalex.org/W2979473749","https://openalex.org/W2986235590","https://openalex.org/W3011743383","https://openalex.org/W3044030235","https://openalex.org/W3046027728","https://openalex.org/W3080636256","https://openalex.org/W3101720814","https://openalex.org/W3122774149","https://openalex.org/W4220879730","https://openalex.org/W4245284148","https://openalex.org/W4302420972","https://openalex.org/W4385283840","https://openalex.org/W4385307691","https://openalex.org/W4387494379","https://openalex.org/W4388802548","https://openalex.org/W4389496303","https://openalex.org/W4390125393","https://openalex.org/W4390492092","https://openalex.org/W4390640327","https://openalex.org/W6685191470","https://openalex.org/W6940528644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579148721","https://openalex.org/W4387893611","https://openalex.org/W2347335694","https://openalex.org/W2091056927","https://openalex.org/W2067407580","https://openalex.org/W4317486777","https://openalex.org/W4389669152","https://openalex.org/W2038514069","https://openalex.org/W1967233468","https://openalex.org/W4238920775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"field":[1],"of":[2,81,88,129,164,176],"immunology":[3],"requires":[4],"refined":[5],"techniques":[6],"to":[7,56],"identify":[8,57],"detailed":[9],"cellular":[10,162],"variance":[11],"in":[12,29,59,63,152],"high-dimensional":[13,64,144],"images.":[14,65],"Current":[15],"methods":[16],"mainly":[17],"capture":[18],"general":[19],"immune":[20,60,153,166,179],"cell":[21,61,154,180],"proportion":[22],"variations":[23],"and":[24,99,108,121,132,172],"often":[25],"overlook":[26],"specific":[27],"deviations":[28],"individual":[30,73],"patient":[31,74,170,178],"samples":[32],"from":[33],"group":[34,82],"baseline.":[35],"We":[36,84],"introduce":[37],"a":[38,78],"simple":[39],"technique":[40],"that":[41],"integrates":[42],"the":[43,86,165,174],"Multivariate":[44],"Shewhart":[45],"Control":[46],"Chart":[47],"(MSCC)":[48],"with":[49,118],"random":[50],"projection":[51],"(RP)":[52],"methods,":[53],"specifically":[54],"designed":[55],"changes":[58],"composition":[62],"Uniquely,":[66],"our":[67],"method":[68],"provides":[69],"deeper":[70],"insights":[71],"into":[72],"samples,":[75],"allowing":[76],"for":[77,138,149],"clearer":[79],"understanding":[80],"differences.":[83],"assess":[85],"efficacy":[87],"MSCC":[89],"across":[90,116],"various":[91],"RPs:":[92],"Achlioptas":[93],"(AP),":[94],"plus-minus":[95],"one":[96],"(PM),":[97],"Li,":[98],"normal":[100],"projections":[101],"(NP),":[102],"considering":[103],"shift":[104],"size,":[105],"dimension":[106],"reduction,":[107],"image":[109,145],"dimensions.":[110],"Simulations":[111],"reveal":[112],"variable":[113],"detection":[114],"performances":[115],"RPs,":[117],"PM":[119],"outperforming":[120],"Li":[122],"lagging.":[123],"Practical":[124],"tests":[125],"using":[126],"single-cell":[127],"images":[128],"basophils":[130],"(BAS)":[131],"promyelocytes":[133],"(PMO)":[134],"emphasise":[135],"their":[136],"utility":[137],"individualised":[139],"detection.":[140],"Our":[141],"approach":[142],"elevates":[143],"data":[146],"analysis,":[147],"particularly":[148],"identifying":[150],"shifts":[151],"composition.":[155],"This":[156],"breakthrough":[157],"potentially":[158],"transforms":[159],"healthcare":[160],"practitioners\u2019":[161],"interpretation":[163],"landscape,":[167],"promoting":[168],"personalised":[169],"care,":[171],"reshaping":[173],"discernment":[175],"diverse":[177],"samples.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}