{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394564228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386366","title":"A Hierarchical Optimizing Energy Management Strategy for Alleviating Degradation in Fuel Cell Hybrid System","display_name":"A Hierarchical Optimizing Energy Management Strategy for Alleviating Degradation in Fuel Cell Hybrid System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394564228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386366","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10494584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10494584.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101938870","display_name":"Jun Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-1389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-1389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062487012","display_name":"Qian Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-2611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066713988","display_name":"Linghong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-2804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043219102","display_name":"Yanmin Zu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmin Zu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082113549","display_name":"Hang You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113076478","display_name":"Xinkai Shan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinkai Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050752565","display_name":"Jie Xin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093776","display_name":"DHC Software (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kn8e190","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou ArcSoft Software Company Ltd., Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou ArcSoft Software Company Ltd., Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093776"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769395","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-792X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-792X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3846,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80386121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"57117","last_page":"57127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.7176423072814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5938882827758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.5389808416366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.502129316329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4169890880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35513997077941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.19441115856170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1254693865776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09570220112800598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7176423072814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5938882827758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.5389808416366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.502129316329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4169890880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35513997077941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19441115856170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1254693865776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09570220112800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386366","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10494584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fde2c9d66b93496090334cc37f32113b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fde2c9d66b93496090334cc37f32113b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 57117-57127 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3386366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3386366","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10494584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4862548800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB4002200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7398705410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2066202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8435793670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324115606017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394564228.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394564228.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990363158","https://openalex.org/W2014499606","https://openalex.org/W2034781999","https://openalex.org/W2061220663","https://openalex.org/W2079201176","https://openalex.org/W2091232120","https://openalex.org/W2114971268","https://openalex.org/W2164008457","https://openalex.org/W2185626233","https://openalex.org/W2279645197","https://openalex.org/W2888655906","https://openalex.org/W2903127225","https://openalex.org/W2937557832","https://openalex.org/W2948135491","https://openalex.org/W2972826231","https://openalex.org/W3003434400","https://openalex.org/W3009698738","https://openalex.org/W3013150911","https://openalex.org/W3024908133","https://openalex.org/W3033731711","https://openalex.org/W3046455692","https://openalex.org/W3110735867","https://openalex.org/W3118304693","https://openalex.org/W3119330348","https://openalex.org/W3176251617","https://openalex.org/W4280570214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2534928293","https://openalex.org/W2150099345","https://openalex.org/W2160318243","https://openalex.org/W3004580327","https://openalex.org/W1490077415","https://openalex.org/W2354768891","https://openalex.org/W4229332389","https://openalex.org/W1510108650","https://openalex.org/W2322968447","https://openalex.org/W2356819012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,104],"study":[1],"designs":[2],"an":[3],"energy":[4,190],"management":[5,191],"strategy":[6,119,146,160,192],"for":[7,147],"fuel":[8,25],"cell":[9],"hybrid":[10],"vehicles":[11],"aimed":[12],"to":[13,49,83,164,169,179],"alleviating":[14],"the":[15,41,67,86,100,106,153,165,188],"performance":[16],"degradation":[17,101,110,167,197],"of":[18,30,88,102,127,135,198],"Proton":[19],"Exchange":[20],"Membrane":[21],"Fuel":[22],"Cells":[23],"(PEMFC),":[24],"consumption":[26],"and":[27,73,96,111,183],"battery":[28],"State":[29],"Charge":[31],"(SOC)":[32],"fluctuations":[33],"during":[34],"vehicle":[35,202],"operation.":[36],"The":[37,138],"research":[38],"focuses":[39],"on":[40,66,99],"decrease":[42],"in":[43,133],"Electrochemical":[44],"Surface":[45],"Area":[46],"(ECSA)":[47],"due":[48],"Platinum":[50],"(Pt)":[51],"catalysts":[52],"degradation,":[53],"which":[54],"is":[55,71,81,120,162],"a":[56,74,157],"key":[57,89],"factor":[58],"influencing":[59],"PEMFCs":[60],"durability.":[61],"An":[62],"ECSA":[63,109,166,196],"model":[64],"based":[65,186],"Pt":[68],"dissolution":[69],"mechanism":[70],"established,":[72],"dynamic":[75],"condition":[76],"accelerated":[77],"stress":[78],"test":[79],"(DC-AST)":[80],"designed":[82],"specifically":[84],"investigate":[85],"impacts":[87],"parameters,":[90],"such":[91],"as":[92],"cycle":[93,98],"period,":[94],"amplitude,":[95],"duty":[97],"ECSA.":[103],"reveals":[105],"association":[107],"between":[108],"irregular":[112],"potential":[113],"fluctuations.":[114],"A":[115],"hierarchical":[116],"power":[117,149,172],"allocation":[118,150],"then":[121],"proposed,":[122],"combining":[123],"global":[124,148],"search":[125],"capabilities":[126],"optimization":[128],"algorithms":[129],"with":[130],"heuristic":[131,159],"strategies":[132,182],"light":[134],"these":[136],"features.":[137],"upper":[139],"level":[140,155],"employs":[141],"Pontryagin\u2019s":[142],"Minimum":[143],"Principle":[144],"(PMP)":[145],"optimization,":[151],"while":[152],"lower":[154],"uses":[156],"satisfaction-based":[158],"that":[161],"tailored":[163],"characteristics,":[168],"dynamically":[170],"adjust":[171],"output.":[173],"Simulation":[174],"results":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"that,":[177],"compared":[178],"traditional":[180],"rule-based":[181],"classical":[184],"PMP":[185],"strategies,":[187],"proposed":[189],"more":[193],"effectively":[194],"mitigates":[195],"PEMFC":[199],"under":[200],"typical":[201],"conditions.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}