{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394862919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385864","title":"An Optimized Data and Model Centric Approach for Multi-Class Automated Urine Sediment Classification","display_name":"An Optimized Data and Model Centric Approach for Multi-Class Automated Urine Sediment Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394862919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3385864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385864","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10500500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10500500.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110999888","display_name":"Sania Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7421-3539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sania Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078837810","display_name":"Muhammad Hanif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-5263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120611246","display_name":"Obayashi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/027qqvd10","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120611246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104400","display_name":"Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01g8yfk02","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["JP","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hanif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kobayashi Research Laboratory, Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Aerial Robotics and Vision Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kobayashi Research Laboratory, Information Technology Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120611246","https://openalex.org/I4210104400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerial Robotics and Vision Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053299257","display_name":"Ahmar Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7703-926X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmar Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014562556","display_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018410943","display_name":"Ejaz Ahmad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7072-8035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43763821","display_name":"Health Services Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02a37xs76","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43763821"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ejaz Ahmad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43763821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020186630","display_name":"Hamdi Melih Sarao\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-9504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018710136","display_name":"Dumlupinar University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jtrja12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018710136"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamdi Melih Saraoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics, K&#x00FC;tahya Dumlup&#x0131;nar University, Kutahya, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics, K&#x00FC;tahya Dumlup&#x0131;nar University, Kutahya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018710136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108265096","display_name":"Kamran Javed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103399","display_name":"Saudi Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrq5w30","country_code":"SA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103399"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110999888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2353,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75503532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"59500","last_page":"59520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590433359146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6615851521492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.466886430978775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4355223774909973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590433359146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6615851521492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.466886430978775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4355223774909973}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3385864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385864","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10500500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d34f8b25f8a943b5adba286bee2b632d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d34f8b25f8a943b5adba286bee2b632d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 59500-59520 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3385864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385864","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10500500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394862919.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394862919.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575089471","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2790091169","https://openalex.org/W2792185281","https://openalex.org/W2804854817","https://openalex.org/W2887280559","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2943333116","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2965276617","https://openalex.org/W2966369601","https://openalex.org/W2981966638","https://openalex.org/W2982255637","https://openalex.org/W2988544408","https://openalex.org/W2998878762","https://openalex.org/W3009829509","https://openalex.org/W3019065253","https://openalex.org/W3031389861","https://openalex.org/W3099739376","https://openalex.org/W3099979065","https://openalex.org/W3107062570","https://openalex.org/W3112704753","https://openalex.org/W3124636016","https://openalex.org/W3139333015","https://openalex.org/W3168474347","https://openalex.org/W3169043088","https://openalex.org/W4214927878","https://openalex.org/W4283732571","https://openalex.org/W4286855951","https://openalex.org/W4288086194","https://openalex.org/W4297472876","https://openalex.org/W4300981647","https://openalex.org/W4311391094","https://openalex.org/W4311578409","https://openalex.org/W4315779879","https://openalex.org/W4319782512","https://openalex.org/W4361273792","https://openalex.org/W4362624981","https://openalex.org/W4365152115","https://openalex.org/W4367681442","https://openalex.org/W4382371850","https://openalex.org/W4385980378","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6804445892","https://openalex.org/W6891773641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"urine":[1,35,82,146,186],"sediment":[2,36,83,106,147,187],"analyzers":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,24,121,129,179],"crucial":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,103,114,142,160,182],"diagnosing":[9],"urinary":[10],"tract":[11],"infections,":[12],"offering":[13],"real-time":[14],"data":[15,76,170],"analysis":[16,188],"and":[17,30,53,88,128,165,172,184],"expediting":[18],"patient":[19],"diagnosis.":[20],"This":[21,149],"paper":[22],"introduces":[23],"novel":[25],"hybrid":[26],"approach":[27,98,123,131,177],"combining":[28],"data-centric":[29,122],"model-centric":[31,130],"techniques":[32],"for":[33,80,111,124,132],"automated":[34,81],"analysis.":[37],"The":[38,96,175],"proposed":[39,79,97,117,176],"methodology":[40],"addresses":[41],"challenges":[42,167],"such":[43],"as":[44],"morphological":[45],"similarities":[46],"among":[47],"particle":[48,51],"classes,":[49],"uneven":[50],"distribution,":[52],"intra/inter-class":[54],"variations.":[55],"A":[56],"modified":[57],"version":[58],"of":[59,92,120,134,155],"convolutional":[60],"neural":[61],"network":[62],"(CNN),":[63],"specifically":[64],"the":[65,118,135,153,162],"Visual":[66],"Geometry":[67],"Group":[68],"(VGG-19)":[69],"model,":[70,138],"incorporating":[71],"transfer":[72],"learning,":[73],"along":[74],"with":[75,85,157],"augmentation":[77],"is":[78],"classification":[84],"98%":[86],"accuracy":[87],"impressive":[89],"inference":[90],"time":[91],"61ms":[93],"per":[94],"image.":[95],"outperforms":[99],"existing":[100],"methods,":[101],"especially":[102],"handling":[104,166],"diverse":[105],"categories,":[107],"demonstrating":[108],"its":[109],"potential":[110],"practical":[112],"applications":[113],"medical":[115,158],"diagnostics.We":[116],"integration":[119],"improved":[125],"labeling":[126],"reliability":[127],"fine-tuning":[133],"deep":[136],"learning":[137],"showcasing":[139],"promising":[140],"results":[141],"recognizing":[143],"12":[144],"distinct":[145],"classes.":[148],"study":[150],"also":[151],"emphasizes":[152],"importance":[154],"collaboration":[156],"professionals":[159],"refining":[161],"model\u2019s":[163],"performance":[164],"related":[168],"to":[169],"acquisition":[171],"class":[173],"imbalance.":[174],"provides":[178],"significant":[180],"advancement":[181],"automating":[183],"enhancing":[185],"processes.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
