{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393972923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385677","title":"Image Encryption Based on Elliptic Curve Points and Linear Fractional Transformation","display_name":"Image Encryption Based on Elliptic Curve Points and Linear Fractional Transformation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393972923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3385677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385677","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10493041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10493041.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054500045","display_name":"Sajjad Shaukat Jamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad Shaukat Jamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-1955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031564954","display_name":"Zaid Bassfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-885X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaid Bassfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-885X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017418205","display_name":"O. Lahlou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8820-5650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91450128","display_name":"Jazan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bjnq803","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ouafae Lahlou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Darb University College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8820-5650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Darb University College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91450128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035743797","display_name":"Amer Aljaedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amer Aljaedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-5025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032327669","display_name":"Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-9994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-9994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77236188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"53335","last_page":"53347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.6152318716049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.535087525844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.49583181738853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve","display_name":"Elliptic curve","score":0.474556028842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45518797636032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41853514313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3663654327392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2653525471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2506536841392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.20161956548690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08237135410308838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.6152318716049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.535087525844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.49583181738853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268493","display_name":"Elliptic curve","level":2,"score":0.474556028842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45518797636032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41853514313697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3663654327392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2653525471687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2506536841392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.20161956548690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08237135410308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3385677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385677","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10493041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba1d54df8aad4e0da32e9646c4426c28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba1d54df8aad4e0da32e9646c4426c28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 53335-53347 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3385677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3385677","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10493041.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393972923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393972923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605116544","https://openalex.org/W2001032007","https://openalex.org/W2038927331","https://openalex.org/W2063693948","https://openalex.org/W2176627963","https://openalex.org/W2265031744","https://openalex.org/W2462818015","https://openalex.org/W2613941616","https://openalex.org/W2624920640","https://openalex.org/W2730914431","https://openalex.org/W2770531757","https://openalex.org/W2793838519","https://openalex.org/W2967243140","https://openalex.org/W2987515729","https://openalex.org/W3004257937","https://openalex.org/W3005238411","https://openalex.org/W3011424210","https://openalex.org/W3021781350","https://openalex.org/W3036812293","https://openalex.org/W3041381125","https://openalex.org/W3046225302","https://openalex.org/W3049726582","https://openalex.org/W3089532416","https://openalex.org/W3089592466","https://openalex.org/W3091901257","https://openalex.org/W3092259722","https://openalex.org/W3093140640","https://openalex.org/W3093566465","https://openalex.org/W3122415221","https://openalex.org/W3128487966","https://openalex.org/W3137586122","https://openalex.org/W3156171533","https://openalex.org/W3211336120","https://openalex.org/W3214812056","https://openalex.org/W4232274958","https://openalex.org/W4285142385","https://openalex.org/W4319773882","https://openalex.org/W4386397054","https://openalex.org/W4386485315","https://openalex.org/W4391364547","https://openalex.org/W6781697464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375981391","https://openalex.org/W45120566","https://openalex.org/W2767997441","https://openalex.org/W2361408597","https://openalex.org/W2031177322","https://openalex.org/W4226476440","https://openalex.org/W1577956677","https://openalex.org/W2584223401","https://openalex.org/W2950233671","https://openalex.org/W2527434421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"elliptic":[1],"curve":[2],"(EC)":[3],"offers":[4],"a":[5,47,52,86,91,102,112,154],"well-organized":[6],"and":[7,30,120,152,167,205],"secure":[8,26],"method":[9],"for":[10,181],"implementing":[11],"cryptographic":[12,212],"protocols":[13],"in":[14,20,37,88,117],"computer":[15],"systems.":[16,213],"Its":[17],"broad":[18],"utilization":[19],"various":[21],"applications,":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24],"ensuring":[25],"communications,":[27],"digital":[28],"signatures,":[29],"key":[31],"agreement":[32],"protocols,":[33],"underscores":[34],"its":[35],"significance":[36],"contemporary":[38],"computing.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"article,":[42],"we":[43,81,110,156,189],"employed":[44],"EC":[45,83,118,129,166],"over":[46,85],"binary":[48],"extension":[49],"field":[50],"(BEF),":[51],"choice":[53],"that":[54,193],"not":[55],"only":[56],"maintains":[57],"security":[58,197],"but":[59],"also":[60],"reduces":[61],"computational":[62,191],"overhead":[63],"when":[64,208],"compared":[65,209],"to":[66,94,100,126,136,146,210],"the":[67,96,108,127,138,141,150,162,165,168,171,174,195],"use":[68],"of":[69,105,140,164,170,198],"large":[70],"prime":[71],"numbers.":[72],"Our":[73],"encryption":[74],"scheme":[75,176],"encompasses":[76],"three":[77],"primary":[78],"phases.":[79],"Firstly,":[80],"employ":[82],"points":[84],"BEF":[87],"conjunction":[89],"with":[90],"piecewise":[92],"function":[93],"hide":[95],"original":[97],"image.":[98,144],"Subsequently,":[99],"inject":[101],"high":[103],"degree":[104],"confusion":[106],"into":[107],"plaintext,":[109],"constructed":[111],"substitution":[113],"box":[114],"(S-box)":[115],"grounded":[116],"principles":[119],"applied":[121],"linear":[122],"fractional":[123],"transformation":[124],"(LFT)":[125],"generated":[128],"points.":[130],"This":[131],"S-box":[132,183],"is":[133,185],"then":[134],"used":[135],"rearrange":[137],"pixels":[139],"previously":[142],"masked":[143],"Lastly,":[145],"introduce":[147],"diffusion":[148],"throughout":[149],"image":[151],"generate":[153],"ciphertext,":[155],"derive":[157],"pseudo-random":[158],"numbers":[159],"(PRNs)":[160],"using":[161],"coordinates":[163],"characteristics":[169],"BEF.":[172],"Moreover,":[173],"proposed":[175,200],"has":[177],"nonlinearity":[178],"(NL)":[179],"112":[180],"each":[182],"which":[184],"optimal":[186],"value.":[187],"Furthermore,":[188],"conducted":[190],"experiments":[192],"substantiate":[194],"robust":[196],"our":[199],"cryptosystem":[201],"against":[202],"linear,":[203],"differential,":[204],"statistical":[206],"attacks":[207],"existing":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
