{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393372049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3383918","title":"A Hybrid Approach for Forecasting Occupancy of Building\u2019s Multiple Space Types","display_name":"A Hybrid Approach for Forecasting Occupancy of Building\u2019s Multiple Space Types","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393372049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3383918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3383918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3383918","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10487954.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10487954.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069346198","display_name":"Iqra Rafiq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqra Rafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003650119","display_name":"Anzar Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4504-1557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anzar Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4504-1557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022346431","display_name":"Ubaid Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4522-6000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ubaid Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4522-6000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083822582","display_name":"Ahsan Raza Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan Raza Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-4126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070653624","display_name":"Kamran Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-8335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-8335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001570909","display_name":"Khaled Assaleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Assaleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-0453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009839077","display_name":"Naeem Iqbal Ratyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-6174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naeem Iqbal Ratyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-6174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089174765","display_name":"Ahmed Zoha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-9336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Zoha","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7497-9336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.382,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87189174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"50202","last_page":"50216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.7360796928405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7040858268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.6556140184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.5939956903457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.5878188014030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5761968493461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5485936403274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5046137571334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.4770171642303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.46722304821014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.4495750665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3951437473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.352605938911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.31981348991394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.21237319707870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20522606372833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1243002712726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11920475959777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.11875206232070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.09298038482666016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.7360796928405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7040858268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.6556140184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.5939956903457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.5878188014030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5761968493461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5485936403274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5046137571334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.4770171642303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.46722304821014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.4495750665664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3951437473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.352605938911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.31981348991394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.21237319707870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20522606372833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1243002712726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11920475959777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.11875206232070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.09298038482666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3383918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3383918","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10487954.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:324105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/56894.html>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/324105/1/325764.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef00cb86ce164698ac761bd53a2ee0bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef00cb86ce164698ac761bd53a2ee0bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 50202-50216 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3383918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3383918","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10487954.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3185610290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-IRG-ENIT-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330328","funder_display_name":"Ajman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8699970017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-IRG-ENIT-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330328","funder_display_name":"Ajman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330328","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393372049.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393372049.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014939786","https://openalex.org/W2016965338","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2574334566","https://openalex.org/W2592022686","https://openalex.org/W2775212671","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2791446738","https://openalex.org/W2792005857","https://openalex.org/W2896690673","https://openalex.org/W2898227265","https://openalex.org/W2901315269","https://openalex.org/W2944572808","https://openalex.org/W2955612236","https://openalex.org/W2972412491","https://openalex.org/W2994019558","https://openalex.org/W3001879209","https://openalex.org/W3002632072","https://openalex.org/W3011126096","https://openalex.org/W3023461866","https://openalex.org/W3024761859","https://openalex.org/W3033401177","https://openalex.org/W3081977390","https://openalex.org/W3087798270","https://openalex.org/W3093646491","https://openalex.org/W3101902772","https://openalex.org/W3149535884","https://openalex.org/W3150682333","https://openalex.org/W3155545305","https://openalex.org/W3162092408","https://openalex.org/W3162420793","https://openalex.org/W3211122496","https://openalex.org/W4200083124","https://openalex.org/W4200359119","https://openalex.org/W4206901499","https://openalex.org/W4210525512","https://openalex.org/W4220996534","https://openalex.org/W4291894402","https://openalex.org/W4292166922","https://openalex.org/W4303627727","https://openalex.org/W4306768033","https://openalex.org/W4311077143","https://openalex.org/W4378907821","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6750729320","https://openalex.org/W6772874964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045934583","https://openalex.org/W2327035729","https://openalex.org/W2437015738","https://openalex.org/W2348748958","https://openalex.org/W3039673966","https://openalex.org/W4283833227","https://openalex.org/W3093054803","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W1570592793","https://openalex.org/W1992847598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,171,197],"occupancy":[1,67,75],"datasets":[2],"are":[3,22,162,174,250,269],"useful":[4],"for":[5,47,66,78,119,131,204,244,260],"planning":[6],"important":[7],"buildings\u2019":[8],"related":[9],"tasks":[10],"such":[11,96,145],"as":[12,97,146,216],"optimal":[13],"design,":[14],"space":[15],"utilization,":[16],"energy":[17,44,98],"management,":[18],"maintenance,":[19],"etc.":[20],"Researchers":[21],"currently":[23],"working":[24],"on":[25,110],"two":[26],"key":[27],"issues":[28],"in":[29,83,168],"building":[30],"management":[31],"systems.":[32],"First,":[33],"feasible":[34],"and":[35,40,43,53,92,102,108,158,190,242,248,255,264,267,274],"economical":[36],"deployment":[37],"of":[38,55,81,113,134,207,214],"indoor":[39,91],"outdoor":[41,93],"weather":[42],"monitoring":[45,61],"sensors":[46],"data":[48],"acquisition.":[49],"Second,":[50],"the":[51,132,138,212,221,235,240],"development":[52],"implementation":[54],"cost-effective":[56],"data-driven":[57],"models":[58,144],"with":[59,227],"regular":[60],"to":[62,164,210],"ensure":[63],"satisfactory":[64],"performance":[65],"prediction.":[68,122],"In":[69],"this":[70],"context,":[71],"we":[72],"present":[73],"an":[74,84],"forecasting":[76],"model":[77,200,223],"different":[79],"types":[80],"rooms":[82,246,262],"academic":[85],"building.":[86],"A":[87,123],"comprehensive":[88],"dataset":[89],"comprising":[90],"environmental":[94],"variables":[95],"consumption,":[99],"Heating,":[100],"Ventilation,":[101],"Air":[103],"Conditioning":[104],"(HVAC)":[105],"operational":[106],"details":[107],"information":[109],"Wi-Fi-connected":[111],"devices":[112],"a":[114,217],"campus":[115],"building,":[116],"is":[117,129,224],"used":[118],"occupants\u2019":[120,166],"count":[121,167],"Light":[124],"Gradient":[125,148],"Boost":[126],"Machine":[127,141],"(LGBM)":[128],"applied":[130],"selection":[133,219],"suitable":[135],"features.":[136,229],"After":[137],"feature":[139,218],"selection,":[140],"Learning":[142],"(ML)":[143],"Extreme":[147],"Boosting":[149,152,160],"(XgBoost),":[150],"Adaptive":[151],"(AdaBoost),":[153],"Long":[154],"Short-Term":[155],"Memory":[156],"(LSTM)":[157],"Categorical":[159],"(CatBoost)":[161],"employed":[163],"predict":[165],"each":[169,205],"room.":[170],"models\u2019":[172],"performances":[173],"evaluated":[175],"using":[176],"Root":[177,192],"Mean":[178,182,186,193],"Square":[179,183,194],"Error":[180,184,188,195],"(RMSE),":[181],"(MSE),":[185],"Absolute":[187],"(MAE),":[189],"Normalized":[191],"(NRMSE).":[196],"proposed":[198],"LGBM-XgBoost":[199],"outperforms":[201],"other":[202],"approaches":[203],"type":[206],"space.":[208],"Moreover,":[209],"highlight":[211],"importance":[213],"LGBM":[215],"technique,":[220],"XgBoost":[222],"also":[225],"trained":[226],"all":[228],"Results":[230],"indicate":[231],"that":[232],"by":[233,252,271],"selecting":[234],"appropriate":[236],"features":[237],"through":[238],"LGBM,":[239],"RMSE":[241,266],"MAE":[243,268],"lecture":[245],"1":[247,263],"2":[249,265],"improved":[251,270],"61.67%,":[253],"36.17%":[254],"67.05%,":[256],"63.67%,":[257],"respectively.":[258,277],"Similarly,":[259],"office":[261],"33.37%,":[272],"71.5%":[273],"59.7%,":[275],"51.45%,":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
