{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393185269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382140","title":"A Systematic Review of Rare Events Detection Across Modalities Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning","display_name":"A Systematic Review of Rare Events Detection Across Modalities Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393185269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3382140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382140","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092913720","display_name":"Yahaya Idris Abubakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5057-0261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039363","display_name":"Infection et inflammation","ror":"https://ror.org/021sh3243","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4390039363"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahaya Idris Abubakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst&#x00E9;mes Intelligents (LiSSi)&#x2013;EA 3956, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Est Cr&#x00E9;teil (UPEC), Cr&#x00E9;teil Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5057-0261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst&#x00E9;mes Intelligents (LiSSi)&#x2013;EA 3956, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Est Cr&#x00E9;teil (UPEC), Cr&#x00E9;teil Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I4390039363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088943819","display_name":"Alice Othmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-0578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039363","display_name":"Infection et inflammation","ror":"https://ror.org/021sh3243","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4390039363"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Othmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst&#x00E9;mes Intelligents (LiSSi)&#x2013;EA 3956, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Est Cr&#x00E9;teil (UPEC), Cr&#x00E9;teil Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-0578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst&#x00E9;mes Intelligents (LiSSi)&#x2013;EA 3956, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Est Cr&#x00E9;teil (UPEC), Cr&#x00E9;teil Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I4390039363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008986898","display_name":"Patrick Siarry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-4115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039363","display_name":"Infection et inflammation","ror":"https://ror.org/021sh3243","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I195731000","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4390039363"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Siarry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst&#x00E9;mes Intelligents (LiSSi)&#x2013;EA 3956, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Est Cr&#x00E9;teil (UPEC), Cr&#x00E9;teil Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-4115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Syst&#x00E9;mes Intelligents (LiSSi)&#x2013;EA 3956, Universit&#x00E9; Paris-Est Cr&#x00E9;teil (UPEC), Cr&#x00E9;teil Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I4390039363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061102335","display_name":"Aznul Qalid Md Sabri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-5400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aznul Qalid Md Sabri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-5400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science &#x0026; Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77682403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"47091","last_page":"47109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.7635875940322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7498452067375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6027870178222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5688107013702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5647158026695251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.7635875940322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7498452067375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6027870178222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5688107013702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5647158026695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3382140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5b38111d02f4052ac389d50e1bddef2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5b38111d02f4052ac389d50e1bddef2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 47091-47109 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3382140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3444945133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2059/22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335413","funder_display_name":"Petroleum Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335413","display_name":"Petroleum Technology Development Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24089286","https://openalex.org/W575847903","https://openalex.org/W1495467465","https://openalex.org/W1777628566","https://openalex.org/W1965555842","https://openalex.org/W2031547561","https://openalex.org/W2052666245","https://openalex.org/W2086384421","https://openalex.org/W2106081518","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119799051","https://openalex.org/W2126678424","https://openalex.org/W2139615075","https://openalex.org/W2142487491","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2157343202","https://openalex.org/W2164302083","https://openalex.org/W2302435112","https://openalex.org/W2548133570","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2566935005","https://openalex.org/W2611452998","https://openalex.org/W2765687385","https://openalex.org/W2771536702","https://openalex.org/W2888283879","https://openalex.org/W2893702814","https://openalex.org/W2913158272","https://openalex.org/W2948608435","https://openalex.org/W2963025804","https://openalex.org/W2973152780","https://openalex.org/W2982321964","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3004170508","https://openalex.org/W3011098590","https://openalex.org/W3020048363","https://openalex.org/W3021138929","https://openalex.org/W3036908895","https://openalex.org/W3048253056","https://openalex.org/W3088930578","https://openalex.org/W3107273763","https://openalex.org/W3129234057","https://openalex.org/W3133093867","https://openalex.org/W3133666793","https://openalex.org/W3148962211","https://openalex.org/W3153454949","https://openalex.org/W3162566909","https://openalex.org/W3163933782","https://openalex.org/W3167450334","https://openalex.org/W3189163009","https://openalex.org/W3198003134","https://openalex.org/W3204005682","https://openalex.org/W3210909423","https://openalex.org/W3212541512","https://openalex.org/W3213733765","https://openalex.org/W4205858289","https://openalex.org/W4207050293","https://openalex.org/W4220959955","https://openalex.org/W4289886562","https://openalex.org/W4295018405","https://openalex.org/W4295689715","https://openalex.org/W4297809418","https://openalex.org/W4311121546","https://openalex.org/W4312813914","https://openalex.org/W4318239557","https://openalex.org/W4319653621","https://openalex.org/W4365509076","https://openalex.org/W4379089727","https://openalex.org/W4386066282","https://openalex.org/W4387415072","https://openalex.org/W4390357426","https://openalex.org/W4394036604","https://openalex.org/W6642835140","https://openalex.org/W6682864246","https://openalex.org/W6682902213","https://openalex.org/W6684473046","https://openalex.org/W6729745395","https://openalex.org/W6737606637","https://openalex.org/W6755276895","https://openalex.org/W6776650356","https://openalex.org/W6802608170","https://openalex.org/W6804437949","https://openalex.org/W6842593959","https://openalex.org/W6849114878","https://openalex.org/W6849628761","https://openalex.org/W6853371338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rare":[0],"event":[1,32,57],"detection":[2,8,33,58],"(RED)":[3],"involves":[4],"the":[5,69,90,95,99,127,140,149,165,181],"identification":[6],"and":[7,41,51,93,98,120,130,144,177],"of":[9,15,18,30,71,101,164],"events":[10],"characterized":[11],"by":[12],"low":[13],"frequency":[14],"occurrences,":[16],"but":[17],"high":[19],"importance":[20],"or":[21],"impact.":[22],"This":[23,46,87,156],"paper":[24,75],"presents":[25],"a":[26,77,161,172],"Systematic":[27],"Review":[28],"(SR)":[29],"rare":[31,56,106],"across":[34,59],"various":[35,60],"modalities":[36,109],"using":[37],"Machine":[38],"Learning":[39,43],"(ML)":[40],"Deep":[42],"(DL)":[44],"techniques.":[45],"review":[47],"comprehensively":[48],"outlines":[49],"techniques":[50,132],"methods":[52,92,103,167],"best":[53],"suited":[54],"for":[55,126,133,151,175],"modalities,":[61],"while":[62],"also":[63],"highlighting":[64],"future":[65,152],"research":[66,85,153],"prospects.":[67],"To":[68],"extent":[70],"our":[72],"knowledge,":[73],"this":[74,83,115],"is":[76],"pioneering":[78],"SR":[79,88,157],"dedicated":[80],"to":[81,159],"exploring":[82],"specific":[84],"domain.":[86],"identifies":[89],"employed":[91],"techniques,":[94],"datasets":[96],"utilized,":[97],"effectiveness":[100],"these":[102],"in":[104,114,168,180],"detecting":[105],"events.":[107],"Four":[108],"concerning":[110],"RED":[111,134,142],"are":[112,135,154],"reviewed":[113],"SR:":[116],"video,":[117],"sound,":[118],"image,":[119],"time":[121],"series.":[122],"The":[123],"corresponding":[124],"performances":[125],"different":[128],"ML":[129],"DL":[131],"discussed":[136],"comprehensively,":[137],"together":[138],"with":[139],"associated":[141],"challenges":[143],"limitations":[145],"as":[146,148,171],"well":[147],"directions":[150],"highlighted.":[155],"aims":[158],"offer":[160],"comprehensive":[162],"overview":[163],"existing":[166],"RED,":[169],"serving":[170],"valuable":[173],"resource":[174],"researchers":[176],"practitioners":[178],"working":[179],"respective":[182],"field.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
