{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393185369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382124","title":"Optimal EV Charging Strategy for Distribution Networks Load Balancing in a Smart Grid Using Dynamic Charging Price","display_name":"Optimal EV Charging Strategy for Distribution Networks Load Balancing in a Smart Grid Using Dynamic Charging Price","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393185369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3382124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382124","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012337252","display_name":"Leloko J. Lepolesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leloko J. Lepolesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-0429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032932753","display_name":"Kayode E. Adetunji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-382X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayode E. Adetunji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089836379","display_name":"Khmaies Ouahada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-5061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khmaies Ouahada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-5061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031774310","display_name":"Zhenqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-334X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-334X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002268768","display_name":"Ling Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-8206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87650404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"47421","last_page":"47432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6669400930404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6637980937957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4676717519760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.46508875489234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-grid","display_name":"Distribution grid","score":0.41811326146125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21743243932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08117020130157471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6669400930404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6637980937957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4676717519760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.46508875489234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986219281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844861","display_name":"Distribution grid","level":3,"score":0.41811326146125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21743243932724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08117020130157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3382124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8f5767dade9412c91b16bbd7157a41f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8f5767dade9412c91b16bbd7157a41f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 47421-47432 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3382124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3382124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1877330322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"148765","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G95474618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"129311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2752263663","https://openalex.org/W2916161298","https://openalex.org/W2964825013","https://openalex.org/W3011097942","https://openalex.org/W3085091958","https://openalex.org/W3142310301","https://openalex.org/W3159298154","https://openalex.org/W3195708256","https://openalex.org/W3207987115","https://openalex.org/W4213207808","https://openalex.org/W4214593448","https://openalex.org/W4220704709","https://openalex.org/W4220865949","https://openalex.org/W4280594459","https://openalex.org/W4283701705","https://openalex.org/W4285148694","https://openalex.org/W4285280970","https://openalex.org/W4291805252","https://openalex.org/W4294691677","https://openalex.org/W4299345493","https://openalex.org/W4313307161","https://openalex.org/W4318827344","https://openalex.org/W4386351544","https://openalex.org/W4386883628","https://openalex.org/W4386883819","https://openalex.org/W4387027480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232102022","https://openalex.org/W2521339004","https://openalex.org/W2513540722","https://openalex.org/W2372350475","https://openalex.org/W2522047716","https://openalex.org/W2540934208","https://openalex.org/W2471049804","https://openalex.org/W2521463174","https://openalex.org/W1549850404","https://openalex.org/W2515759635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"adoption":[1,38],"of":[2,9,53,71,85],"electric":[3],"vehicles":[4,30],"(EVs)":[5],"promises":[6],"a":[7,13,17,88,98,139],"reduction":[8],"carbon":[10],"emissions":[11],"and":[12,113,119],"crucial":[14],"step":[15],"towards":[16],"cleaner":[18],"environment.":[19],"While":[20],"more":[21],"EVs":[22,54,86,106,165,167],"are":[23,149],"expected":[24],"to":[25,31,67,81,107,132,163,172],"replace":[26],"internal":[27],"combustion":[28],"engine":[29],"operate":[32],"on":[33],"the":[34,69,77,83,110,115,129,135,156,164,173],"road":[35],"worldwide,":[36],"their":[37],"is":[39],"inhibited":[40],"by":[41],"factors":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44,145,147,160],"high":[45,146],"power":[46],"demand.":[47],"Unregulated":[48],"or":[49],"poorly":[50],"regulated":[51],"charging":[52,70,84,105,125,168],"can":[55],"cause":[56,128],"grid":[57,79,93,175],"instability,":[58],"especially":[59],"in":[60,87],"grids":[61],"that":[62,90,127,154],"were":[63],"not":[64],"initially":[65],"designed":[66],"handle":[68],"EVs.":[72],"This":[73,95],"calls":[74],"for":[75,104],"leveraging":[76],"available":[78],"resources":[80,176],"control":[82],"manner":[89],"ensures":[91],"optimal":[92,136,174],"operation.":[94],"work":[96],"proposes":[97],"distribution":[99,111,121],"network-level":[100],"dynamic":[101,157],"pricing":[102,158],"strategy":[103,159],"optimally":[108],"utilize":[109],"network":[112],"balance":[114],"load":[116,131,169],"between":[117],"residential":[118],"commercial/industrial":[120],"networks.":[122],"Different":[123],"EV":[124,130],"probabilities":[126],"differ":[133],"from":[134],"state":[137],"with":[138,155],"mean":[140],"average":[141],"percentage":[142],"error":[143],"(MAPE)":[144],"30%":[148],"explored.":[150],"Simulation":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"an":[161],"incentive":[162],"users,":[166],"will":[170],"contribute":[171],"utilization.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}