{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393140446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381499","title":"High-Throughput, Sorted QR Accelerator for Non-Linear Processing in Open-RAN Systems","display_name":"High-Throughput, Sorted QR Accelerator for Non-Linear Processing in Open-RAN Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393140446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3381499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381499","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478722.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478722.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034051321","display_name":"Thomas James Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-4293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas James Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G & 6G Innovation Center, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G & 6G Innovation Center, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078537814","display_name":"Marcin Filo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Filo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G & 6G Innovation Center, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G & 6G Innovation Center, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023023109","display_name":"Konstantinos Nikitopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Nikitopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G & 6G Innovation Center, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G & 6G Innovation Center, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54865043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"44564","last_page":"44572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7431282997131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7191492915153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.5136391520500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.441700279712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.32331815361976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2247568964958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2246268391609192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7431282997131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7191492915153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.5136391520500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.441700279712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.32331815361976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2247568964958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2246268391609192}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3381499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381499","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478722.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49096da71ccb4e2c906a3196a3eea9f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49096da71ccb4e2c906a3196a3eea9f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 44564-44572 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3381499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381499","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478722.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393140446.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393140446.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012193892","https://openalex.org/W2056826247","https://openalex.org/W2097174089","https://openalex.org/W2138430352","https://openalex.org/W2143105534","https://openalex.org/W2148978817","https://openalex.org/W2248620404","https://openalex.org/W2284903658","https://openalex.org/W2590699196","https://openalex.org/W2743067409","https://openalex.org/W2752908210","https://openalex.org/W2793369837","https://openalex.org/W2793760172","https://openalex.org/W2826127003","https://openalex.org/W2897534136","https://openalex.org/W2982387767","https://openalex.org/W3163174617","https://openalex.org/W3213671725","https://openalex.org/W4200375464","https://openalex.org/W4211116233","https://openalex.org/W4243640948","https://openalex.org/W4315777691","https://openalex.org/W4384705337","https://openalex.org/W6695799444","https://openalex.org/W6736176327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1766728438","https://openalex.org/W1668090144","https://openalex.org/W2504993638","https://openalex.org/W2083168956","https://openalex.org/W2980853820","https://openalex.org/W404373762","https://openalex.org/W2186004379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open":[0],"Radio":[1],"Access":[2],"Networks":[3],"(Open-RAN)":[4],"require":[5],"cost-":[6],"and":[7,72,178,184,192],"energy-efficient":[8],"solutions":[9],"to":[10,45,76,93,108,157,197],"facilitate":[11,60],"their":[12],"deployment":[13],"at":[14,37,170],"scale.":[15],"A":[16],"significant":[17,118],"concern":[18],"in":[19,97,174],"multiple-input":[20],"multiple-output":[21],"(MIMO)":[22],"systems":[23,71],"employing":[24],"traditional":[25],"linear":[26,98],"processing":[27,179,216],"is":[28,43,205],"the":[29,38,47,74,79,110,130,134,150,166,175,202,208,215],"substantial":[30],"number":[31,220],"of":[32,50,165,221],"radio":[33],"frequency":[34],"(RF)":[35],"chains":[36,82],"base":[39],"station":[40],"(BS),":[41],"which":[42,59],"required":[44,80],"ensure":[46],"accurate":[48],"decoding":[49],"spatially":[51],"multiplexed":[52],"streams.":[53],"Recently,":[54],"however,":[55],"practical":[56],"non-linear":[57,101,123],"approaches,":[58],"near-optimal":[61],"parallelizable":[62],"tree":[63],"searches,":[64],"have":[65],"been":[66],"successfully":[67],"implemented":[68],"on":[69,148],"actual":[70],"demonstrated":[73],"capability":[75],"considerably":[77,213],"reduce":[78],"RF":[81],"without":[83],"affecting":[84],"user":[85],"performance.":[86],"Like":[87],"QR":[88],"decomposition":[89],"(QRD)":[90],"being":[91],"used":[92],"perform":[94],"channel":[95],"inversion":[96],"systems,":[99],"these":[100],"approaches":[102],"employ":[103],"a":[104,117,142],"sorted":[105],"QRD":[106],"(SQRD)":[107],"curtail":[109],"search":[111],"complexity.":[112],"However,":[113],"this":[114,139],"can":[115,193,212],"be":[116,194],"bottleneck":[119],"for":[120,218],"general":[121],"software-based":[122],"solutions,":[124],"preventing":[125],"them":[126],"from":[127],"fully":[128],"exploiting":[129],"gains.":[131],"To":[132],"address":[133],"latency":[135,180,225],"limitations":[136],"with":[137,207],"SQRD,":[138],"work":[140],"presents":[141],"high":[143],"throughput":[144,177],"hardware":[145],"accelerator":[146,204],"based":[147],"reformulating":[149],"underlying":[151],"Modified":[152],"Gram":[153],"Schmidt":[154],"process":[155],"(MGS)":[156],"extract":[158],"further":[159],"parallelism":[160],"than":[161],"previous":[162],"designs.":[163],"Implementations":[164],"proposed":[167,203],"architecture":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"least":[171],"2-fold":[172],"improvements":[173],"achievable":[176],"over":[181],"existing":[182],"4\u00d74":[183],"8\u00d78":[185],"field":[186],"programmable":[187],"gate":[188],"array":[189],"(FPGA)":[190],"implementations":[191],"scaled":[195],"up":[196],"16\u00d716":[198],"MIMO":[199],"systems.":[200],"Further,":[201],"integrated":[206],"software":[209],"framework":[210],"that":[211],"offload":[214],"burden":[217],"higher":[219],"streams":[222],"under":[223],"strict":[224],"conditions.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}