{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393170771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381038","title":"Advancing Fake News Detection: Hybrid Deep Learning With FastText and Explainable AI","display_name":"Advancing Fake News Detection: Hybrid Deep Learning With FastText and Explainable AI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393170771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3381038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477989.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477989.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094004425","display_name":"Ehtesham Hashmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2526-9899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehtesham Hashmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2526-9899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039506055","display_name":"Sule Yildirim Yayilgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-6609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sule Yildirim Yayilgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-6609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012245263","display_name":"Muhammad Mudassar Yamin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-7613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mudassar Yamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-7613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102937899","display_name":"Subhan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5352-0468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science (IDI), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5352-0468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (IDI), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006277730","display_name":"Mohamed Abomhara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-7694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abomhara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-7694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gj&#x00F8;vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":131.5329,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99989242,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"44462","last_page":"44480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9664000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6978746056556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5904801487922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.5866410136222839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5624114274978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.1947574019432068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6978746056556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5904801487922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.5866410136222839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5624114274978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.1947574019432068}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3381038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477989.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07fccacd80ed46699fd08128166f2b3c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07fccacd80ed46699fd08128166f2b3c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 44462-44480 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3125390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3125390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3125410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3125410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"44462 - 44480","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3381038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3381038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477989.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3432198692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"331736","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393170771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393170771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144100511","https://openalex.org/W2251214593","https://openalex.org/W2285924575","https://openalex.org/W2594382603","https://openalex.org/W2782865993","https://openalex.org/W2963416784","https://openalex.org/W3005513013","https://openalex.org/W3031781733","https://openalex.org/W3037979154","https://openalex.org/W3101908935","https://openalex.org/W3118361918","https://openalex.org/W3148001275","https://openalex.org/W3152584273","https://openalex.org/W3155638494","https://openalex.org/W3190572136","https://openalex.org/W3202548348","https://openalex.org/W4213380244","https://openalex.org/W4223655348","https://openalex.org/W4280501828","https://openalex.org/W4282981696","https://openalex.org/W4287025617","https://openalex.org/W4287604913","https://openalex.org/W4288538225","https://openalex.org/W4292259045","https://openalex.org/W4292858715","https://openalex.org/W4293235592","https://openalex.org/W4294367149","https://openalex.org/W4299310365","https://openalex.org/W4307804863","https://openalex.org/W4309635352","https://openalex.org/W4312159352","https://openalex.org/W4317505581","https://openalex.org/W4319966514","https://openalex.org/W4321094913","https://openalex.org/W4327973056","https://openalex.org/W4360584293","https://openalex.org/W4361802065","https://openalex.org/W4362581822","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4366250577","https://openalex.org/W4368340926","https://openalex.org/W4372055386","https://openalex.org/W4385069523","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385380836","https://openalex.org/W4386038360","https://openalex.org/W4386914785","https://openalex.org/W4387304047","https://openalex.org/W4387336518","https://openalex.org/W4387783578","https://openalex.org/W4388899945","https://openalex.org/W4389081344","https://openalex.org/W4389610092","https://openalex.org/W6679482899","https://openalex.org/W6747248625","https://openalex.org/W6748511785","https://openalex.org/W6785816799","https://openalex.org/W6844965994","https://openalex.org/W6922538302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W4323565446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67],"widespread":[1],"propagation":[2],"of":[3,40,50,70,83,91,171],"misinformation":[4],"on":[5],"social":[6,31],"media":[7],"platforms":[8],"poses":[9],"a":[10,97,143],"significant":[11],"concern,":[12],"prompting":[13],"substantial":[14],"endeavors":[15],"within":[16],"the":[17,36,41,48,73,81,89,212,234],"research":[18],"community":[19],"to":[20,135,229],"develop":[21],"robust":[22,98],"detection":[23,65],"solutions.":[24],"Individuals":[25],"often":[26,33],"place":[27],"unwavering":[28],"trust":[29],"in":[30,161,202,208],"networks,":[32],"without":[34],"discerning":[35],"origins":[37],"and":[38,62,111,122,132,138,150,169,174,187,225],"authenticity":[39],"information":[42,92],"disseminated":[43],"through":[44,191],"these":[45,128],"platforms.":[46],"Hence,":[47],"identification":[49],"media-rich":[51,84],"fake":[52,85,101],"news":[53,86,102],"necessitates":[54],"an":[55],"approach":[56,99],"that":[57,77],"adeptly":[58],"leverages":[59],"multimedia":[60],"elements":[61],"effectively":[63,79],"enhances":[64],"accuracy.":[66],"ever-changing":[68],"nature":[69],"cyberspace":[71],"highlights":[72],"need":[74],"for":[75,100],"measures":[76],"may":[78],"resist":[80],"spread":[82],"while":[87],"protecting":[88],"integrity":[90],"systems.":[93],"This":[94],"study":[95],"introduces":[96],"detection,":[103],"utilizing":[104],"three":[105],"publicly":[106],"available":[107],"datasets:":[108],"WELFake,":[109],"FakeNewsNet,":[110],"FakeNewsPrediction.":[112],"We":[113],"integrated":[114],"FastText":[115,156],"word":[116],"embeddings":[117],"with":[118,130,155],"various":[119],"Machine":[120],"Learning":[121,124],"Deep":[123],"methods,":[125],"further":[126],"refining":[127],"algorithms":[129],"regularization":[131],"hyperparameter":[133,192],"optimization":[134],"mitigate":[136],"overfitting":[137],"promote":[139],"model":[140,145],"generalization.":[141],"Notably,":[142],"hybrid":[144],"combining":[146],"Convolutional":[147],"Neural":[148],"Networks":[149],"Long":[151],"Short-Term":[152],"Memory,":[153],"enriched":[154],"embeddings,":[157],"surpassed":[158],"other":[159],"techniques":[160],"classification":[162],"performance":[163],"across":[164],"all":[165],"datasets,":[166],"registering":[167],"accuracy":[168],"F1-scores":[170],"0.99,":[172,175],"0.97,":[173],"respectively.":[176],"Additionally,":[177],"we":[178],"utilized":[179],"state-of-the-art":[180],"transformer-based":[181],"models":[182],"such":[183],"as":[184],"BERT,":[185],"XLNet,":[186],"RoBERTa,":[188],"enhancing":[189],"them":[190],"adjustments.":[193],"These":[194],"transformer":[195],"models,":[196],"surpassing":[197],"traditional":[198],"RNN-based":[199],"frameworks,":[200],"excel":[201],"managing":[203],"syntactic":[204],"nuances,":[205],"thus":[206],"aiding":[207],"semantic":[209],"interpretation.":[210],"In":[211],"concluding":[213],"phase,":[214],"explainable":[215],"AI":[216],"modeling":[217],"was":[218],"employed":[219],"using":[220],"Local":[221],"Interpretable":[222],"Model-Agnostic":[223],"Explanations,":[224],"Latent":[226],"Dirichlet":[227],"Allocation":[228],"gain":[230],"deeper":[231],"insights":[232],"into":[233],"model\u2019s":[235],"decision-making":[236],"process.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
