{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393171239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380892","title":"An Automated Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification Network for 45 Arrhythmia Classes Using 12-Lead Electrocardiogram","display_name":"An Automated Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification Network for 45 Arrhythmia Classes Using 12-Lead Electrocardiogram","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393171239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3380892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380892","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478009.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081108834","display_name":"Ho Keun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ho Keun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6709-6673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059206438","display_name":"Myung Hoon Sunwoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-5185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myung Hoon Sunwoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-5185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.357,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97166272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"44527","last_page":"44538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-arrhythmia","display_name":"Cardiac arrhythmia","score":0.8259549736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5509268641471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.5207490921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"Lead (geology)","score":0.4311058223247528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.4128773510456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37916848063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.3606095314025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.28763240575790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","score":0.09394171833992004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988455589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189331","display_name":"Cardiac arrhythmia","level":3,"score":0.8259549736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5509268641471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.5207490921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4311058223247528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4128773510456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37916848063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3606095314025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28763240575790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.09394171833992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3380892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380892","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fcb409ce381143cd9cec13c4dd3d22b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fcb409ce381143cd9cec13c4dd3d22b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 44527-44538 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3380892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380892","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10478009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3506051351","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2C2010228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5206971109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2C2010228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6260389816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-2020-0-01461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8040526782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-2020-0-01461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8239404512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2C2010228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393171239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393171239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1576089372","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2082589768","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2100537461","https://openalex.org/W2100932180","https://openalex.org/W2103308415","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2585488429","https://openalex.org/W2747849569","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2794550444","https://openalex.org/W2794819237","https://openalex.org/W2795302640","https://openalex.org/W2803832415","https://openalex.org/W2805227459","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2888456553","https://openalex.org/W2898941944","https://openalex.org/W2900614987","https://openalex.org/W2902644322","https://openalex.org/W2963184634","https://openalex.org/W2965307660","https://openalex.org/W3015226328","https://openalex.org/W3015692457","https://openalex.org/W3027572331","https://openalex.org/W3099085560","https://openalex.org/W3100777112","https://openalex.org/W3123413998","https://openalex.org/W3134859729","https://openalex.org/W3142998727","https://openalex.org/W3153843997","https://openalex.org/W4206107463","https://openalex.org/W4224248762","https://openalex.org/W4225918227","https://openalex.org/W4280519848","https://openalex.org/W4281846549","https://openalex.org/W4282959285","https://openalex.org/W4285161189","https://openalex.org/W4285740536","https://openalex.org/W4315631909","https://openalex.org/W4317496162","https://openalex.org/W4378717133","https://openalex.org/W4381801958","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6674330103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2935909890","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W1531601525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrocardiogram":[0],"is":[1,147],"a":[2,47,137,150,202],"non-invasive,":[3],"inexpensive,":[4],"and":[5,28,56,77,96,160,190],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"diagnostic":[8],"tool":[9],"for":[10,155,207],"arrhythmia":[11,42,61,121,156,198,208],"diagnosis":[12],"in":[13,22,178,201],"clinics.":[14],"Deep":[15],"learning":[16],"techniques":[17],"have":[18],"shown":[19],"great":[20],"promise":[21],"electrocardiogram":[23,65,126,153,205],"signal":[24],"analysis,":[25],"enabling":[26],"automatic":[27],"accurate":[29],"detection":[30],"of":[31,119],"various":[32],"cardiac":[33,41,60],"arrhythmia.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"an":[38],"automated":[39],"multi-label":[40],"classification":[43,89,142,172,199],"network":[44,52,173],"based":[45],"on":[46,115,158,210],"convolutional":[48,195],"neural":[49,196],"network.":[50],"The":[51,101,132,144],"aims":[53],"to":[54,87,109,140,193],"detect":[55],"classify":[57],"45":[58],"different":[59],"classes":[62],"using":[63,149],"12-lead":[64,152,204],"data.":[66],"Unlike":[67],"previous":[68],"studies,":[69],"our":[70],"approach":[71],"incorporates":[72,106],"both":[73],"the":[74,91,97,116,124,129,161,170,175,186],"residual":[75,138],"structure":[76,139],"channel":[78],"attention":[79],"mechanism.":[80],"Thus,":[81],"we":[82],"developed":[83],"two":[84],"key":[85],"schemes":[86],"improve":[88],"performance:":[90],"Global":[92,102],"Channel":[93,103],"Attention":[94,104],"Block":[95,105,135],"Short":[98,133],"Residual":[99,134],"Block.":[100],"dilated":[107],"convolutions":[108],"preserve":[110],"overall":[111],"features.":[112],"It":[113],"focuses":[114],"important":[117],"characteristics":[118],"each":[120],"class":[122],"from":[123],"original":[125],"data":[127],"during":[128],"training":[130],"process.":[131],"employs":[136],"enhance":[141],"accuracy.":[143],"network\u2019s":[145],"performance":[146],"evaluated":[148],"large-scale":[151,203],"database":[154,206],"study":[157,209],"PhysioNet":[159],"2018":[162],"China":[163],"Physiological":[164],"Signal":[165],"Challenge":[166],"dataset.":[167],"In":[168],"particular,":[169],"proposed":[171],"shows":[174],"highest":[176],"scores":[177],"average":[179],"precision,":[180],"recall,":[181],"F1":[182],"score,":[183],"area":[184],"under":[185],"receiver":[187],"operating":[188],"characteristic,":[189],"accuracy":[191],"compared":[192],"existing":[194],"network-based":[197],"networks":[200],"PhysioNet.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}