{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393170744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380360","title":"IoST-Enabled Robotic Arm Control and Abnormality Prediction Using Minimal Flex Sensors and Gaussian Mixture Models","display_name":"IoST-Enabled Robotic Arm Control and Abnormality Prediction Using Minimal Flex Sensors and Gaussian Mixture Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393170744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3380360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380360","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477468.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477468.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031833372","display_name":"Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-1507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-1507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101789974","display_name":"Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-2061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308893265","display_name":"Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zwhz281","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308893265"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-2061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308893265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046258353","display_name":"Isabel de la Torre D\u00edez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-7720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel De La Torre D\u00edez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematic Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-7720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematic Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094243958","display_name":"Manal Gafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6717-7552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67337280","display_name":"Egyptian Russian University","ror":"https://ror.org/029me2q51","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67337280"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manal Gafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, The Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6717-7552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, The Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67337280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093616331","display_name":"Deep Ajabani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9834-6953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34562002","display_name":"Strayer University","ror":"https://ror.org/00fdnsr88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34562002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146277","display_name":"Infotech Soft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bw2xb41","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146277"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deep H. Ajabani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lead Application Developer, Source InfoTech Inc., Loganville, GA, USA","Strayer University, Georgia, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9834-6953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lead Application Developer, Source InfoTech Inc., Loganville, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146277"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strayer University, Georgia, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34562002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035125196","display_name":"Osama Alfarraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-8617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama Alfarraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-8617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004131475","display_name":"Amr Tolba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Tolba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-6413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035291574","display_name":"Henry Fabian-Gongora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-1434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205571821","display_name":"Ibero American University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vss7635","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205571821"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097234","display_name":"Universidad Internacional","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxp1a86","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128504","display_name":"Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico","ror":"https://ror.org/048tesw25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87806610","display_name":"Ibero-American University Puebla","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcv0g02","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87806610"]}],"countries":["ES","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Fabian-Gongora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Project Management, Universidad Europea del Atl&#x00E1;ntico, Santander, Spain","Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, USA","Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-1434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Project Management, Universidad Europea del Atl&#x00E1;ntico, Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234","https://openalex.org/I87806610","https://openalex.org/I205571821"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042629950","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Alonso Dzul L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-8563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205571821","display_name":"Ibero American University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vss7635","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205571821"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097234","display_name":"Universidad Internacional","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxp1a86","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128504","display_name":"Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico","ror":"https://ror.org/048tesw25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87806610","display_name":"Ibero-American University Puebla","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcv0g02","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87806610"]}],"countries":["ES","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Alonso Dzul L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Project Management, Universidad Europea del Atl&#x00E1;ntico, Santander, Spain","Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico","Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-8563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Project Management, Universidad Europea del Atl&#x00E1;ntico, Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234","https://openalex.org/I87806610","https://openalex.org/I205571821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.1126,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96764096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"45265","last_page":"45278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.6995999813079834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.6995999813079834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flex","display_name":"FLEX","score":0.7664773464202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.6461042165756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-arm","display_name":"Robotic arm","score":0.6107189655303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5498239994049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.46032822132110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38427111506462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09202644228935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08435812592506409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776252893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364836","display_name":"FLEX","level":2,"score":0.7664773464202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.6461042165756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150415221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40687","display_name":"Robotic arm","level":2,"score":0.6107189655303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5498239994049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.46032822132110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38427111506462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09202644228935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08435812592506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3380360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380360","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477468.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44bd66ec027f42d987df34db580592b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44bd66ec027f42d987df34db580592b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 45265-45278 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3380360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3380360","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10477468.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6918137628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSPD2024R681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393170744.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393170744.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062909027","https://openalex.org/W2102798384","https://openalex.org/W2146967955","https://openalex.org/W2335071642","https://openalex.org/W2395784021","https://openalex.org/W2481944450","https://openalex.org/W2540213030","https://openalex.org/W2738015271","https://openalex.org/W2761199303","https://openalex.org/W2783088610","https://openalex.org/W2788903086","https://openalex.org/W2904739583","https://openalex.org/W2922041470","https://openalex.org/W3045185600","https://openalex.org/W3091726657","https://openalex.org/W3096831017","https://openalex.org/W3097559608","https://openalex.org/W3134221317","https://openalex.org/W3174355718","https://openalex.org/W3205394182","https://openalex.org/W3207842596","https://openalex.org/W3216531560","https://openalex.org/W4205400959","https://openalex.org/W4205441916","https://openalex.org/W4206363527","https://openalex.org/W4243859013","https://openalex.org/W4294608646","https://openalex.org/W4295745363","https://openalex.org/W4296710399","https://openalex.org/W4310090402","https://openalex.org/W4319837653","https://openalex.org/W4380147849","https://openalex.org/W4386781261","https://openalex.org/W4391044915","https://openalex.org/W6729059571","https://openalex.org/W6826173104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250698707","https://openalex.org/W4244545186","https://openalex.org/W4247748223","https://openalex.org/W1008394927","https://openalex.org/W183173419","https://openalex.org/W4253292776","https://openalex.org/W2483231410","https://openalex.org/W4244549413","https://openalex.org/W4239881561","https://openalex.org/W3133582567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,18,49,125],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,7,36,41],"groundbreaking":[4],"approach":[5],"with":[6,46],"fusion":[8],"of":[9,12,90,127],"the":[10,27,63,71,76,80,87,91,107],"Internet":[11],"Sensing":[13],"Things":[14],"(IoST)":[15],"and":[16,74,93,101,109,130,135],"Robotics.":[17],"system":[19,50],"utilizes":[20],"four":[21],"flex":[22,72],"sensors":[23],"strategically":[24],"placed":[25],"on":[26],"most":[28],"flexible":[29,128],"fingers":[30],"across":[31],"both":[32],"hands":[33],"to":[34,85,105],"control":[35,65,138],"Six-DoF":[37],"robotic":[38],"arm,":[39],"offering":[40],"novel":[42],"interface":[43],"for":[44,55],"those":[45],"limited":[47],"mobility.":[48],"can":[51],"also":[52],"be":[53],"used":[54],"moving":[56],"toxic":[57],"objects.":[58],"The":[59],"Raspberry":[60],"Pi":[61],"is":[62],"central":[64],"unit":[66],"that":[67],"acquires":[68],"data":[69,99],"from":[70],"sensor":[73],"controls":[75],"servo":[77],"motors.":[78],"Moreover,":[79],"device":[81],"incorporates":[82],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"learn":[86],"daily":[88],"movements":[89],"users":[92],"predict":[94,106],"abnormal":[95,110],"finger":[96],"movements.":[97],"Multiple":[98],"analyses":[100],"visualization":[102],"are":[103],"initiated":[104],"normal":[108],"data.":[111],"GMMs":[112],"or":[113],"Gaussian":[114],"Mixture":[115],"Models":[116],"showed":[117],"successful":[118],"results":[119],"among":[120],"various":[121],"abnormality":[122],"detection":[123],"processes.":[124],"amalgamation":[126],"sensing":[129],"mathematical":[131],"modeling":[132],"offers":[133],"precision":[134],"adaptability":[136],"in":[137],"mechanisms.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
