{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392979932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379906","title":"QuantMAC: Enhancing Hardware Performance in DNNs With Quantize Enabled Multiply-Accumulate Unit","display_name":"QuantMAC: Enhancing Hardware Performance in DNNs With Quantize Enabled Multiply-Accumulate Unit","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392979932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3379906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379906","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10476602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10476602.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092596815","display_name":"Neha Ashar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neha Ashar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028707436","display_name":"Gopal Raut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-9457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331500379","display_name":"Centre for Development of Advanced Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/022abst40","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379","https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopal Raut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","Center for Development of Advanced Computing Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064547635","display_name":"Vasundhara Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3787-6296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasundhara Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068792760","display_name":"Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-0077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755285","display_name":"Akash Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-1737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Processor Design, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Processor Design, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092596815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1011,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1090},"fwci":1.845,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85029818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"43600","last_page":"43614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6307986378669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.5233283042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4004155099391937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06241688132286072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6307986378669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5233283042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4004155099391937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06241688132286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3379906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379906","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10476602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5f8400cabdf4dc8be9e44a2a7af5fc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5f8400cabdf4dc8be9e44a2a7af5fc8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 43600-43614 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3379906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3379906","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10476602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2884910486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, India"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G343156164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"India","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, India"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4018744250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4412498071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"India","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6306478392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MeitY","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392979932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392979932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103225108","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2555599679","https://openalex.org/W2565516711","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2622872848","https://openalex.org/W2793950911","https://openalex.org/W2884675507","https://openalex.org/W2935008287","https://openalex.org/W2942493598","https://openalex.org/W2945146780","https://openalex.org/W2966207885","https://openalex.org/W2968558338","https://openalex.org/W2980104813","https://openalex.org/W2980172915","https://openalex.org/W3012383337","https://openalex.org/W3016542674","https://openalex.org/W3032746325","https://openalex.org/W3035205784","https://openalex.org/W3041601967","https://openalex.org/W3047364742","https://openalex.org/W3048234025","https://openalex.org/W3102860086","https://openalex.org/W3121678941","https://openalex.org/W3124625166","https://openalex.org/W3126267573","https://openalex.org/W3207338936","https://openalex.org/W3211454547","https://openalex.org/W3213528054","https://openalex.org/W4220829081","https://openalex.org/W4285232308","https://openalex.org/W4375861680","https://openalex.org/W4385575752","https://openalex.org/W6669893450","https://openalex.org/W6693397755","https://openalex.org/W6694517276","https://openalex.org/W6700264148","https://openalex.org/W6766752034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"response":[1],"to":[2,71,189,215,225],"the":[3,99,120,138,182,197,216,222],"escalating":[4],"demand":[5],"for":[6,28,101,122,168,175,250],"hardware-efficient":[7,59],"Deep":[8],"Neural":[9],"Network":[10],"(DNN)":[11],"architectures,":[12],"we":[13,82],"present":[14],"a":[15,24,58,84,89,133,201,208,226,232,239],"novel":[16],"quantize-enabled":[17],"multiply-accumulate":[18],"(MAC)":[19],"unit.":[20],"Our":[21,53],"methodology":[22,55],"employs":[23],"right":[25],"shift-and-add":[26],"computation":[27],"MAC":[29,60,112,219,224],"operation,":[30],"enabling":[31],"runtime":[32],"truncation":[33],"without":[34],"additional":[35],"hardware.":[36],"This":[37,126,245],"architecture":[38,246],"optimally":[39],"utilizes":[40],"hardware":[41,73,124],"resources,":[42],"enhancing":[43],"throughput":[44,77],"performance":[45,194],"while":[46],"reducing":[47,93],"computational":[48,61],"complexity":[49],"through":[50,114],"bit-truncation":[51,117],"techniques.":[52],"key":[54],"involves":[56],"designing":[57],"algorithm":[62],"that":[63],"supports":[64],"both":[65],"iterative":[66],"and":[67,97,172,177,207,238],"pipeline":[68],"implementations,":[69],"catering":[70],"diverse":[72],"efficiency":[74],"or":[75,151],"enhanced":[76],"requirements":[78,237],"in":[79,105,181,204,211,231,235,243],"accelerators.":[80],"Additionally,":[81],"introduce":[83],"processing":[85],"element":[86],"(PE)":[87],"with":[88,132,179],"pre-loading":[90],"bias":[91],"scheme,":[92],"one":[94],"clock":[95],"delay":[96],"eliminating":[98],"need":[100],"conventional":[102,190],"extra":[103,123],"resources":[104],"PE":[106,109,128],"implementation.":[107],"The":[108],"facilitates":[110],"quantization-based":[111],"calculations":[113],"an":[115],"efficient":[116],"method,":[118],"removing":[119],"necessity":[121],"logic.":[125],"versatile":[127],"accommodates":[129],"variable":[130],"bit-precision":[131],"dynamic":[134],"fraction":[135],"part":[136],"within":[137],"<italic":[139,143,183],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[140,144,184],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">sfxpt</i>":[141,185],"<":[142],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N,f</i>":[145],">":[146],"representation,":[147],"meeting":[148],"specific":[149],"model":[150,229],"layer":[152],"demands.":[153],"Through":[154],"software":[155],"emulation,":[156],"our":[157],"proposed":[158,223],"approach":[159],"demonstrates":[160],"minimal":[161],"accuracy":[162],"loss,":[163],"revealing":[164],"under":[165],"1.6%":[166],"loss":[167],"LeNet-5":[169],"using":[170],"MNIST":[171],"around":[173],"4%":[174],"ResNet-18":[176],"VGG-16":[178],"CIFAR-10":[180],"<8,5>":[186],"format":[187],"compared":[188,214],"float32-based":[191],"implementations.":[192],"Hardware":[193],"parameters":[195],"on":[196],"Xilinx-Virtex-7":[198],"board":[199],"unveil":[200],"37%":[202],"reduction":[203,210,234,242],"area":[205],"utilization":[206],"45%":[209],"power":[212],"consumption":[213],"best":[217],"state-of-the-art":[218],"architecture.":[220],"Extending":[221],"LeNet":[227],"DNN":[228],"results":[230],"42%":[233],"resource":[236],"significant":[240],"27%":[241],"delay.":[244],"provides":[247],"notable":[248],"advantages":[249],"resource-efficient,":[251],"high-throughput":[252],"edge-AI":[253],"applications.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}