{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392902340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3378054","title":"A Survey of Solution Methodologies for Exam Timetabling Problems","display_name":"A Survey of Solution Methodologies for Exam Timetabling Problems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392902340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3378054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3378054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3378054","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10473052.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10473052.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103179490","display_name":"Emily Sing Kiang Siew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3452-9429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Sing Kiang Siew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3452-9429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079542102","display_name":"San Nah Sze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4981-6292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"San Nah Sze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4981-6292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069629393","display_name":"Say Leng Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-2519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Say Leng Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optimization and Visual Analytics Research Group, Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus, Labuan, Malaysia","Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Optimisation and Visual Analytics Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus, Labuan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-2519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optimization and Visual Analytics Research Group, Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus, Labuan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Optimisation and Visual Analytics Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Labuan International Campus, Labuan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074319022","display_name":"Graham Kendall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-5103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40798026","display_name":"Nilai University","ror":"https://ror.org/037zqsm37","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40798026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386478","display_name":"MILA University","ror":"https://ror.org/05njtdr40","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386478"]}],"countries":["GB","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Kendall","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computing, MILA University, Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia","University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computing, MILA University, Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40798026","https://openalex.org/I4403386478"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050621611","display_name":"Nasser R. Sabar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-4704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser R. Sabar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-4704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702092","display_name":"Salwani Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-841X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salwani Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-841X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.2352,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95674951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"41479","last_page":"41498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9315000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7375179529190063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7375179529190063}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3378054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3378054","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10473052.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.unimas.my:44921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/44921/3/A%20Survey.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400335","display_name":"Unimas Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","host_organization_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4d98080d6c8400c88adce6f280e34ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4d98080d6c8400c88adce6f280e34ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 41479-41498 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3378054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3378054","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10473052.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5173083878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F08/PARTNERS/2109/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324896","funder_display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324896","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392902340.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392902340.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W842791523","https://openalex.org/W1539889974","https://openalex.org/W1540427357","https://openalex.org/W1574858090","https://openalex.org/W1817244122","https://openalex.org/W1966773610","https://openalex.org/W1969214516","https://openalex.org/W1969577093","https://openalex.org/W1969592239","https://openalex.org/W1977049223","https://openalex.org/W1980856702","https://openalex.org/W1983380249","https://openalex.org/W1985019644","https://openalex.org/W1989380511","https://openalex.org/W1991241413","https://openalex.org/W1996746644","https://openalex.org/W2010046755","https://openalex.org/W2010695953","https://openalex.org/W2011653811","https://openalex.org/W2014856631","https://openalex.org/W2024717258","https://openalex.org/W2026736398","https://openalex.org/W2028379670","https://openalex.org/W2031012845","https://openalex.org/W2038015627","https://openalex.org/W2043258790","https://openalex.org/W2049918510","https://openalex.org/W2056411465","https://openalex.org/W2063468302","https://openalex.org/W2068449902","https://openalex.org/W2074281851","https://openalex.org/W2075842118","https://openalex.org/W2080304681","https://openalex.org/W2082961839","https://openalex.org/W2083806025","https://openalex.org/W2088273530","https://openalex.org/W2092487519","https://openalex.org/W2099942580","https://openalex.org/W2108910404","https://openalex.org/W2126148517","https://openalex.org/W2133897050","https://openalex.org/W2135474087","https://openalex.org/W2138029669","https://openalex.org/W2158276170","https://openalex.org/W2163206542","https://openalex.org/W2163510721","https://openalex.org/W2171225638","https://openalex.org/W2183734495","https://openalex.org/W2289743716","https://openalex.org/W2293848204","https://openalex.org/W2318898686","https://openalex.org/W2332118307","https://openalex.org/W2527340811","https://openalex.org/W2533337385","https://openalex.org/W2582207513","https://openalex.org/W2753468256","https://openalex.org/W2765604081","https://openalex.org/W2768478912","https://openalex.org/W2791928761","https://openalex.org/W2901650568","https://openalex.org/W2907075088","https://openalex.org/W2915073104","https://openalex.org/W2951593442","https://openalex.org/W2961614712","https://openalex.org/W2997099063","https://openalex.org/W2998440189","https://openalex.org/W3035146471","https://openalex.org/W3036912398","https://openalex.org/W3048848613","https://openalex.org/W3081867316","https://openalex.org/W3082067997","https://openalex.org/W3091000211","https://openalex.org/W3149298390","https://openalex.org/W3172844707","https://openalex.org/W3177481057","https://openalex.org/W3186677729","https://openalex.org/W4231273319","https://openalex.org/W4236422875","https://openalex.org/W4281622028","https://openalex.org/W4284677833","https://openalex.org/W4285039452","https://openalex.org/W4294225733","https://openalex.org/W4362557943","https://openalex.org/W4368362725","https://openalex.org/W4381611434","https://openalex.org/W4389934624","https://openalex.org/W7070927699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exam":[0],"timetabling":[1,49,83],"is":[2,66],"a":[3,29,71,135],"prominent":[4],"topic":[5],"in":[6,54],"academic":[7,31],"administration":[8],"management":[9],"as":[10],"it":[11],"ensures":[12],"the":[13,20,35,40,62,81,121],"effective":[14],"utilization":[15],"of":[16,24,42,138],"resources":[17],"and":[18,22,51,58,90,116,124,140],"satisfies":[19],"requirements":[21],"preferences":[23],"stakeholders,":[25],"which":[26],"leads":[27],"to":[28,34,69,78,98,104,133],"productive":[30],"environment,":[32],"contributing":[33],"institution\u2019s":[36],"overall":[37],"success.":[38],"Given":[39],"myriad":[41],"solution":[43],"methodologies":[44],"explored":[45],"across":[46],"diverse":[47],"exam":[48,82],"problems":[50,101],"constraints,":[52,89],"both":[53],"studied":[55],"benchmark":[56,91],"datasets":[57],"real-life":[59],"cases":[60],"over":[61],"last":[63],"decade,":[64],"there":[65],"an":[67],"imperative":[68],"undertake":[70],"comprehensive":[72],"survey.":[73],"This":[74],"survey":[75],"paper":[76],"aims":[77],"comprehensively":[79],"describe":[80],"problem":[84],"(ETP),":[85],"including":[86],"its":[87],"variants,":[88],"dataset.":[92],"We":[93],"look":[94],"at":[95],"different":[96],"methods":[97,107],"solve":[99],"ETP":[100,139],"from":[102],"2012":[103],"2023.":[105],"These":[106],"include":[108],"mathematical":[109],"optimization,":[110],"heuristics,":[111],"metaheuristics,":[112],"hyper-heuristics,":[113],"hybrid":[114],"approaches,":[115],"matheuristics.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"we":[119,131],"discuss":[120],"review":[122],"findings":[123],"potential":[125],"research":[126],"directions.":[127],"By":[128],"doing":[129],"so,":[130],"hope":[132],"facilitate":[134],"deeper":[136],"understanding":[137],"offer":[141],"valuable":[142],"insights":[143],"for":[144],"future":[145],"research.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}