{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392745486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3377463","title":"End to End Urdu Abstractive Text Summarization With Dataset and Improvement in Evaluation Metric","display_name":"End to End Urdu Abstractive Text Summarization With Dataset and Improvement in Evaluation Metric","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392745486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3377463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3377463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3377463","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10472483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10472483.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081606680","display_name":"Hassan Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4857-4818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4857-4818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106404043","display_name":"Waseem Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-3761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waseem Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-3761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081606680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.9512,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91530283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"40311","last_page":"40324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.8756062984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.8612884283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7413012981414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6871496438980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.5288974642753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4572758972644806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42117515206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4162359833717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10488739609718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05515575408935547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.8756062984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.8612884283065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7413012981414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6871496438980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.5288974642753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4572758972644806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42117515206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4162359833717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10488739609718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05515575408935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3377463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3377463","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10472483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:736a577ad67b4fe58bf354331c507c90","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/736a577ad67b4fe58bf354331c507c90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 40311-40324 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3377463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3377463","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10472483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392745486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392745486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":136,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77961983","https://openalex.org/W1603508585","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1956340063","https://openalex.org/W1964326564","https://openalex.org/W1987698389","https://openalex.org/W1990524510","https://openalex.org/W1997518860","https://openalex.org/W2042072767","https://openalex.org/W2078861931","https://openalex.org/W2084333023","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2118641544","https://openalex.org/W2123735712","https://openalex.org/W2124807415","https://openalex.org/W2125101937","https://openalex.org/W2127661733","https://openalex.org/W2131571251","https://openalex.org/W2133102095","https://openalex.org/W2133459682","https://openalex.org/W2133512280","https://openalex.org/W2140054881","https://openalex.org/W2154652894","https://openalex.org/W2165846406","https://openalex.org/W2166609214","https://openalex.org/W2238929664","https://openalex.org/W2250342921","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250875036","https://openalex.org/W2401474500","https://openalex.org/W2512848817","https://openalex.org/W2535638243","https://openalex.org/W2560439518","https://openalex.org/W2606974598","https://openalex.org/W2626720046","https://openalex.org/W2729046720","https://openalex.org/W2741375528","https://openalex.org/W2741490130","https://openalex.org/W2756675635","https://openalex.org/W2758950307","https://openalex.org/W2760738985","https://openalex.org/W2766132594","https://openalex.org/W2766419849","https://openalex.org/W2787668949","https://openalex.org/W2790792830","https://openalex.org/W2790875963","https://openalex.org/W2793429163","https://openalex.org/W2797066201","https://openalex.org/W2805949464","https://openalex.org/W2884791133","https://openalex.org/W2888757417","https://openalex.org/W2889518897","https://openalex.org/W2889688390","https://openalex.org/W2890305344","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897667608","https://openalex.org/W2902017239","https://openalex.org/W2902215807","https://openalex.org/W2903297715","https://openalex.org/W2903376039","https://openalex.org/W2936695845","https://openalex.org/W2946276393","https://openalex.org/W2947771965","https://openalex.org/W2950446064","https://openalex.org/W2951835712","https://openalex.org/W2953572579","https://openalex.org/W2962839482","https://openalex.org/W2962985882","https://openalex.org/W2962996600","https://openalex.org/W2963227052","https://openalex.org/W2963316882","https://openalex.org/W2963466651","https://openalex.org/W2963521413","https://openalex.org/W2963527228","https://openalex.org/W2963801130","https://openalex.org/W2963926728","https://openalex.org/W2963929190","https://openalex.org/W2964042428","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970325945","https://openalex.org/W2970785793","https://openalex.org/W2971036337","https://openalex.org/W2971094522","https://openalex.org/W2979565540","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2981613960","https://openalex.org/W2998518989","https://openalex.org/W3013355253","https://openalex.org/W3025955883","https://openalex.org/W3034991617","https://openalex.org/W3042185737","https://openalex.org/W3042627970","https://openalex.org/W3048792033","https://openalex.org/W3081930653","https://openalex.org/W3087824800","https://openalex.org/W3098493824","https://openalex.org/W3100115330","https://openalex.org/W3121250149","https://openalex.org/W3159259047","https://openalex.org/W3167441071","https://openalex.org/W3183369950","https://openalex.org/W3184324824","https://openalex.org/W3190367510","https://openalex.org/W3204620503","https://openalex.org/W4220916677","https://openalex.org/W4287778665","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4297801177","https://openalex.org/W4306755369","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6621906925","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6636672575","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6639163903","https://openalex.org/W6649550420","https://openalex.org/W6679552713","https://openalex.org/W6679713772","https://openalex.org/W6681703963","https://openalex.org/W6682631176","https://openalex.org/W6730173217","https://openalex.org/W6732039064","https://openalex.org/W6737479944","https://openalex.org/W6740021858","https://openalex.org/W6746933863","https://openalex.org/W6748043486","https://openalex.org/W6748304040","https://openalex.org/W6748751807","https://openalex.org/W6749743566","https://openalex.org/W6749925136","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6756363949","https://openalex.org/W6761205521","https://openalex.org/W6775660573","https://openalex.org/W6782465632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588484110","https://openalex.org/W1566901819","https://openalex.org/W2366403280","https://openalex.org/W604003083","https://openalex.org/W597280011","https://openalex.org/W1495108544","https://openalex.org/W4310798948","https://openalex.org/W642060233","https://openalex.org/W2091301346","https://openalex.org/W2250347524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urdu,":[0,190],"being":[1],"a":[2,132,177,192,202,214,223],"common":[3],"language":[4,16,95,125],"in":[5,13,59,83,108,174,189,197],"South":[6],"Asia,":[7],"has":[8,155,210],"not":[9],"received":[10],"significant":[11],"attention":[12],"terms":[14,175],"of":[15,26,33,89,122,136,147,161,170,176,195,222],"processing":[17],"compared":[18],"to":[19,40,43,67,185,218],"more":[20],"advanced":[21],"languages.":[22],"In":[23],"the":[24,31,72,84,87,93,123,159,165,168,207,220,227],"field":[25],"Natural":[27],"Language":[28],"Processing":[29],"(NLP),":[30],"task":[32],"text":[34,138,149,199],"summarization":[35,52,70,91,121],"holds":[36],"great":[37],"importance":[38],"due":[39],"its":[41,140,151],"ability":[42],"comprehend":[44],"textual":[45],"content":[46],"and":[47,81,101,139,150],"generate":[48,186],"concise":[49],"summaries.":[50],"Text":[51],"can":[53],"be":[54],"either":[55],"extractive":[56,69],"or":[57],"abstractive":[58,90,120,141,153,187],"nature.":[60],"While":[61],"considerable":[62],"efforts":[63],"have":[64,77,105,111],"been":[65,78,113,156,211],"made":[66],"advance":[68],"techniques,":[71],"limitations":[73],"associated":[74],"with":[75],"it":[76],"extensively":[79],"explored":[80],"explained":[82],"paper.":[85],"However,":[86],"domain":[88,110],"for":[92,158],"Urdu":[94,124,137,148,198],"remains":[96],"largely":[97],"unexplored.":[98],"The":[99],"challenges":[100],"underlying":[102],"factors":[103],"that":[104],"impeded":[106],"progress":[107],"this":[109],"also":[112],"addressed.":[114],"This":[115],"paper":[116,166],"specifically":[117],"focuses":[118],"on":[119],"using":[126],"supervised":[127,162],"learning.":[128,163],"To":[129],"accomplish":[130],"this,":[131],"labeled":[133],"dataset":[134,146],"consisting":[135],"summaries":[142,154,188],"is":[143],"required.":[144],"A":[145],"corresponding":[152],"prepared":[157],"purpose":[160],"Additionally,":[164],"presents":[167],"results":[169],"summary":[171],"generation,":[172],"measured":[173],"rough":[178],"score.":[179],"Transformer\u2019s":[180],"encoder-decoder":[181],"network":[182],"was":[183],"employed":[184],"yielding":[191],"ROUGE-1":[193],"score":[194],"25.18":[196],"summarization.":[200],"Moreover,":[201],"novel":[203],"evaluation":[204,216],"metric":[205,217],"called":[206],"\u201cdisconnection":[208],"rate\u201d":[209],"introduced":[212],"as":[213,226],"context-aware":[215],"enhance":[219],"assessment":[221],"summary,":[224],"known":[225],"Context":[228],"Aware":[229],"RoBERTa":[230],"Score.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}