{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392667244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375769","title":"Power Efficient and Ultra Dense Open-RAN Vehicular Networks With Non-Linear Processing","display_name":"Power Efficient and Ultra Dense Open-RAN Vehicular Networks With Non-Linear Processing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392667244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375769","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464312.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464312.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059257016","display_name":"George N. Katsaros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-9588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George N. Katsaros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023023109","display_name":"Konstantinos Nikitopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Nikitopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Systems Laboratory, 5G and 6G Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059257016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7834,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84433039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"38150","last_page":"38162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.723488450050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6394038200378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.5568959712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5427548885345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3773336410522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3268169164657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.2426089644432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07352772355079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.06948825716972351}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.723488450050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6394038200378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.5568959712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5427548885345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3773336410522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3268169164657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.2426089644432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07352772355079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.06948825716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375769","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464312.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11202430720002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57057b3cd30e40b1a9048d370701c3b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57057b3cd30e40b1a9048d370701c3b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 38150-38162 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375769","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464312.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392667244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392667244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922937245","https://openalex.org/W1974564856","https://openalex.org/W1991898587","https://openalex.org/W2061382837","https://openalex.org/W2112170521","https://openalex.org/W2118425896","https://openalex.org/W2137898377","https://openalex.org/W2143105534","https://openalex.org/W2148907454","https://openalex.org/W2156787051","https://openalex.org/W2165943096","https://openalex.org/W2168830205","https://openalex.org/W2384465553","https://openalex.org/W2482886256","https://openalex.org/W2826127003","https://openalex.org/W2899296277","https://openalex.org/W2963775970","https://openalex.org/W2982387767","https://openalex.org/W2982650630","https://openalex.org/W2982698752","https://openalex.org/W2988788253","https://openalex.org/W2998210726","https://openalex.org/W2998296395","https://openalex.org/W3003063305","https://openalex.org/W3045695279","https://openalex.org/W3088034552","https://openalex.org/W3092396141","https://openalex.org/W3110220808","https://openalex.org/W3126365018","https://openalex.org/W4200375464","https://openalex.org/W4211116233","https://openalex.org/W4232593608","https://openalex.org/W4243640948","https://openalex.org/W4281253802","https://openalex.org/W4285243919","https://openalex.org/W4312739427","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W4375928965","https://openalex.org/W4386412304","https://openalex.org/W4387212520","https://openalex.org/W4391540976","https://openalex.org/W4400233310","https://openalex.org/W6736176327","https://openalex.org/W6773004994","https://openalex.org/W6851262866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885627391","https://openalex.org/W4401508502","https://openalex.org/W4324323655","https://openalex.org/W2922954044","https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W1982654631","https://openalex.org/W3018338683","https://openalex.org/W4288060126","https://openalex.org/W3197340217","https://openalex.org/W4294306393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transitioning":[0],"to":[1,62,189,230],"more":[2,248],"intelligent,":[3,249],"autonomous":[4],"transportation":[5,254],"systems":[6],"necessitates":[7],"network":[8],"infrastructure":[9],"capable":[10],"of":[11,33,54,58,69,93,182,205,225],"accommodating":[12],"both":[13],"substantial":[14,85,218],"uplink":[15],"traffic":[16],"and":[17,26,91,128,140,147,209,252],"massive":[18],"vehicle":[19],"connectivity.":[20],"Current":[21],"approaches":[22],"addressing":[23],"these":[24,106],"throughput":[25],"connectivity":[27,142,219],"requirements":[28],"rely":[29],"on":[30,80,136,193],"the":[31,34,52,77,81,88,131,137,194,199,237,245],"utilization":[32],"multiple":[35,37],"input,":[36],"output":[38],"(MIMO)":[39],"technology.":[40],"However,":[41],"When":[42],"traditional":[43,231],"linear":[44],"detection/precoding":[45],"processing":[46,126,232],"methods":[47],"are":[48],"adopted,":[49],"they":[50],"require":[51],"deployment":[53,117],"an":[55,111],"extensive":[56,102],"number":[57,68,204],"co-located,":[59],"access-point":[60],"antennas":[61,208],"support":[63],"a":[64,73,120,163,202],"comparatively":[65],"much":[66],"smaller":[67],"data":[70],"streams.":[71],"Such":[72],"setup":[74],"significantly":[75,235],"increases":[76],"power":[78,138,165,191,240],"consumption":[79,139,241],"radio":[82,195,210],"side,":[83,196],"raising":[84],"concerns":[86],"about":[87],"operational":[89],"costs":[90],"sustainability":[92],"such":[94],"deployments,":[95,158],"particularly":[96],"in":[97,143,223],"densely":[98],"deployed":[99],"scenarios,":[100],"across":[101],"road":[103],"networks.":[104],"Addressing":[105],"concerns,":[107],"this":[108],"work":[109],"proposes":[110],"Open":[112],"Radio":[113],"Access":[114],"Network":[115,148],"(Open-RAN)":[116],"that":[118,153,185],"incorporates":[119],"Massively":[121],"Parallelizable,":[122],"Nonlinear":[123],"(MPNL)":[124],"MIMO":[125],"framework":[127],"assesses,":[129],"for":[130,201],"first":[132],"time,":[133],"its":[134],"impact":[135],"vehicular":[141],"various":[144],"Vehicle-to-Infrastructure":[145],"(V2I)":[146],"(V2N)":[149],"scenarios.":[150],"We":[151],"show":[152,217],"flexible,":[154],"Open-RAN":[155],"physical":[156],"layer":[157],"incorporating":[159],"MPNL,":[160,183],"emerge":[161],"as":[162],"critical":[164],"efficiency":[166],"enabler,":[167],"especially":[168],"when":[169],"flexibly":[170],"activating/deactivating":[171],"employed":[172],"RF":[173],"elements.":[174],"Our":[175],"field-programmable":[176],"gate":[177],"array":[178],"(FPGA)":[179],"based":[180],"evaluation":[181],"reveals":[184],"it":[186],"can":[187],"lead":[188],"significant":[190],"savings":[192],"by":[197],"eliminating":[198],"need":[200],"\u201cmassive\u201d":[203],"base":[206],"station":[207],"frequency":[211],"(RF)":[212],"chains.":[213],"Additionally,":[214],"our":[215],"findings":[216],"gains,":[220],"exceeding":[221],"400%,":[222],"terms":[224],"concurrently":[226],"transmitting":[227],"vehicles":[228],"compared":[229],"approaches,":[233],"without":[234],"affecting":[236],"access":[238],"point":[239],"budgets,":[242],"thereby":[243],"catalyzing":[244],"evolution":[246],"towards":[247],"fully":[250],"autonomous,":[251],"sustainable":[253],"systems.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}