{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392667319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375399","title":"Intensification of Electric Field Stresses in Field Aged 380-kV Composite Insulators Due to Loss of Hydrophobicity","display_name":"Intensification of Electric Field Stresses in Field Aged 380-kV Composite Insulators Due to Loss of Hydrophobicity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392667319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375399","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464281.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056226316","display_name":"Mansoor Asif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-9967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mansoor Asif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing (ARC-MST), Research and Innovation, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0828-9967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing (ARC-MST), Research and Innovation, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047201415","display_name":"Khaled Al-Soufi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Al-Soufi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing (ARC-MST), Research and Innovation, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing (ARC-MST), Research and Innovation, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085952648","display_name":"Umer Amir Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-4964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161967","display_name":"Sustainable Energy Systems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0293hjc54","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161967"]}],"countries":["GB","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Amir Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Physics, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-4964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Physics, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113","https://openalex.org/I4210161967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063654906","display_name":"Luai M. Alhems","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5169-061X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luai M. Alhems","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing (ARC-MST), Research and Innovation, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing (ARC-MST), Research and Innovation, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056226316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7866,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8824219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"38849","last_page":"38866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.6960148215293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.6693637371063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6185939311981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5372687578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5240597724914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13205641508102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06251287460327148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.6960148215293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.6693637371063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6185939311981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5372687578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5240597724914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13205641508102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06251287460327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375399","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7082682a65534b88b3abc4255367f4c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7082682a65534b88b3abc4255367f4c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 38849-38866 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375399","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392667319.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392667319.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608461425","https://openalex.org/W1907286065","https://openalex.org/W1975397972","https://openalex.org/W2003910500","https://openalex.org/W2014852673","https://openalex.org/W2018168193","https://openalex.org/W2025052155","https://openalex.org/W2034008421","https://openalex.org/W2050249101","https://openalex.org/W2054609346","https://openalex.org/W2058396279","https://openalex.org/W2066519085","https://openalex.org/W2088158920","https://openalex.org/W2091060080","https://openalex.org/W2091398539","https://openalex.org/W2102341323","https://openalex.org/W2108184270","https://openalex.org/W2109507414","https://openalex.org/W2129189348","https://openalex.org/W2138745356","https://openalex.org/W2144291711","https://openalex.org/W2146045623","https://openalex.org/W2292756067","https://openalex.org/W2574766912","https://openalex.org/W2582362512","https://openalex.org/W2584893648","https://openalex.org/W2593801993","https://openalex.org/W2747258683","https://openalex.org/W2790625843","https://openalex.org/W2795800389","https://openalex.org/W2798897459","https://openalex.org/W2888792372","https://openalex.org/W2891345711","https://openalex.org/W2912166684","https://openalex.org/W2970420730","https://openalex.org/W2977562404","https://openalex.org/W2987013600","https://openalex.org/W2991620669","https://openalex.org/W2998675625","https://openalex.org/W3025087222","https://openalex.org/W3035710808","https://openalex.org/W3083898084","https://openalex.org/W3092213084","https://openalex.org/W3102432128","https://openalex.org/W3120886001","https://openalex.org/W3154687147","https://openalex.org/W3194385889","https://openalex.org/W3216508037","https://openalex.org/W3217153137","https://openalex.org/W3217581489","https://openalex.org/W4205714008","https://openalex.org/W4206988185","https://openalex.org/W4220961533","https://openalex.org/W4234132670","https://openalex.org/W4234615923","https://openalex.org/W4237411345","https://openalex.org/W4240520052","https://openalex.org/W4282823480","https://openalex.org/W4292603542","https://openalex.org/W4297310205","https://openalex.org/W4306652483","https://openalex.org/W4309728762","https://openalex.org/W4322755690","https://openalex.org/W4386073333","https://openalex.org/W6696677426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2016187641","https://openalex.org/W2805339068","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2137437058","https://openalex.org/W4390401159","https://openalex.org/W2619507405","https://openalex.org/W1072657899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymer":[0],"based":[1,164],"composite":[2,54,236],"high":[3],"voltage":[4],"insulators":[5,18],"(HVIs)":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,38,105],"their":[9],"hydrophobic":[10],"surfaces":[11,30],"have":[12,47,101],"consistently":[13],"outperformed":[14],"the":[15,25,68,91,99,125,150,194,204,212,216,222],"traditional":[16],"ceramic":[17],"in":[19,90,215,235],"highly":[20],"contaminating":[21],"coastal-desert":[22],"environments.":[23],"However,":[24],"harsh":[26],"environment":[27],"causes":[28,229],"polymer":[29],"of":[31,41,51,60,67,70,98,107,110,130,145,147,196,211,218],"these":[32],"HVIs":[33,55,100,175],"undergo":[34],"rapid":[35],"ageing":[36,234],"leading":[37,104],"permanent":[39],"loss":[40,146],"hydrophobicity.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"presented":[48],"three":[49],"samples":[50],"380":[52],"kV":[53],"with":[56,181],"a":[57,137],"service":[58],"life":[59],"over":[61],"ten":[62],"years":[63],"near":[64],"west":[65],"coast":[66],"Kingdom":[69],"Saudi":[71],"Arabia.":[72],"Material":[73],"investigation":[74],"using":[75,117],"scanning":[76],"electron":[77],"microscopy":[78],"(SEM)":[79],"and":[80,88,160,172,178,232],"energy-dispersive":[81],"X-ray":[82],"spectroscopy":[83],"revealed":[84,95],"substantial":[85],"surface":[86,97,156,230],"deterioration":[87,231],"change":[89],"composition.":[92],"Hydrophobicity":[93],"investigations":[94],"that":[96,193],"become":[102],"hydrophilic":[103],"accumulation":[106],"continuous":[108],"films":[109],"water.":[111],"Electrical":[112],"withstand":[113],"strength":[114],"was":[115],"evaluated":[116],"steam":[118],"fog":[119],"test":[120],"showing":[121],"significant":[122],"decrease":[123],"from":[124],"rated":[126],"values.":[127],"The":[128,143,170],"distribution":[129,153],"electric":[131,151,197],"field":[132,152,173,198,200],"around":[133],"an":[134],"insulator":[135,155,202],"is":[136,157],"key":[138],"design":[139],"criterion":[140],"for":[141],"HVIs.":[142],"consequences":[144],"hydrophobicity":[148,187],"on":[149,165,199,221],"across":[154],"explained":[158],"analytically":[159],"through":[161],"numerical":[162],"simulations":[163],"Finite":[166],"Element":[167],"Method":[168],"(FEM).":[169],"pristine":[171],"aged":[174,201],"are":[176],"modelled":[177],"were":[179],"covered":[180],"realistic":[182],"water":[183],"distributions":[184],"observed":[185,192],"during":[186],"tests.":[188],"It":[189],"has":[190],"been":[191],"intensity":[195],"surpasses":[203],"corona":[205,219,226],"inception":[206,227],"threshold":[207],"at":[208],"certain":[209],"areas":[210],"insulator,":[213],"resulting":[214],"initiation":[217],"discharge":[220],"insulator\u2019s":[223],"surface.":[224],"This":[225],"further":[228],"accelerated":[233],"HVI.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}