{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392642845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375360","title":"Decomformer: Decompose Self-Attention of Transformer for Efficient Image Restoration","display_name":"Decomformer: Decompose Self-Attention of Transformer for Efficient Image Restoration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392642845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375360","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464292.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016784479","display_name":"Eunho Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-gu, Republic of Korea","Dept. of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-7273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060901163","display_name":"Youngbae Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-0493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngbae Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-gu, Republic of Korea","Dept. of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-0493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66773848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"38672","last_page":"38684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deblurring","display_name":"Deblurring","score":0.846935510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7341076135635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.5369702577590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5334197878837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globality","display_name":"Globality","score":0.5275166630744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5018362998962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.49577102065086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4243782162666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40986835956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35635608434677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.21103912591934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19565168023109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.0999906063079834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053743","display_name":"Deblurring","level":5,"score":0.846935510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7341076135635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.5369702577590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5334197878837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778749631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570927","display_name":"Globality","level":3,"score":0.5275166630744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5018362998962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.49577102065086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4243782162666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40986835956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35635608434677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.21103912591934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19565168023109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0999906063079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375360","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2b97cb134cc4a0e9d83d6ba2e6d8199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2b97cb134cc4a0e9d83d6ba2e6d8199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 38672-38684 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3375360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3375360","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10464292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3193037707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-0-00970","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4643994530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8088698451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2024-2020-0-01462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8132207299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0020536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015w1qa96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392642845.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2466666260","https://openalex.org/W2559264300","https://openalex.org/W2560533888","https://openalex.org/W2740543610","https://openalex.org/W2799192307","https://openalex.org/W2884068670","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2912435603","https://openalex.org/W2950765052","https://openalex.org/W2952323569","https://openalex.org/W2954171777","https://openalex.org/W2963725279","https://openalex.org/W2965217508","https://openalex.org/W2983315964","https://openalex.org/W2988641380","https://openalex.org/W2998650151","https://openalex.org/W3005929107","https://openalex.org/W3034504121","https://openalex.org/W3035326127","https://openalex.org/W3085824656","https://openalex.org/W3099686304","https://openalex.org/W3106758205","https://openalex.org/W3109494165","https://openalex.org/W3131941118","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3170697543","https://openalex.org/W3175101194","https://openalex.org/W3175634226","https://openalex.org/W3176096490","https://openalex.org/W3182000414","https://openalex.org/W3202040256","https://openalex.org/W3202362072","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W4214493665","https://openalex.org/W4225672218","https://openalex.org/W4292136513","https://openalex.org/W4296551003","https://openalex.org/W4312452088","https://openalex.org/W4312678820","https://openalex.org/W4312812783","https://openalex.org/W4312873952","https://openalex.org/W4312938066","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4390990495","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6987037084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066613488","https://openalex.org/W2031788393","https://openalex.org/W791927757","https://openalex.org/W2182590612","https://openalex.org/W3153582293","https://openalex.org/W2905397092","https://openalex.org/W2269775642","https://openalex.org/W3080537281","https://openalex.org/W2289746762","https://openalex.org/W2139384960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"transformer":[1],"architecture":[2],"achieves":[3,130],"outstanding":[4],"performance":[5],"in":[6,22,127],"computer":[7],"vision":[8],"tasks":[9,115],"based":[10],"on":[11],"the":[12,62,71,77,80,93,98,104,128],"ability":[13],"to":[14,26,32,60,91,112],"capture":[15],"long-range":[16],"dependencies.":[17],"However,":[18],"a":[19,43,87],"quadratic":[20],"increase":[21],"complexity":[23,72],"with":[24,135],"respect":[25],"spatial":[27],"resolution":[28],"makes":[29],"it":[30,111],"impractical":[31],"apply":[33,86,110],"for":[34,125],"image":[35,113],"restoration":[36,114],"tasks.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41,85,109],"propose":[42],"Decomformer":[44],"that":[45],"efficiently":[46],"captures":[47],"global":[48],"relationship":[49],"by":[50],"decomposing":[51,123],"self-attention":[52,82,95,126],"into":[53],"linear":[54,88],"combination":[55],"of":[56,79,106,145],"vectors":[57],"and":[58,119],"coefficients":[59],"reduce":[61],"heavy":[63],"computational":[64],"cost.":[65],"This":[66],"approximation":[67],"not":[68],"only":[69],"reduces":[70],"linearly,":[73],"but":[74],"also":[75],"preserves":[76],"globality":[78],"vanilla":[81],"properly.":[83],"Moreover,":[84],"simple":[89],"gate":[90],"represent":[92],"complex":[94],"mechanism":[96],"as":[97,137,139],"proposed":[99,122],"decomposition":[100],"directly.":[101],"To":[102],"show":[103],"effectiveness":[105],"our":[107],"approach,":[108],"including":[116],"denoising,":[117],"deblurring":[118],"deraining.":[120],"The":[121],"scheme":[124],"Transformer":[129],"better":[131],"or":[132],"comparable":[133],"results":[134],"state-of-the-arts":[136],"well":[138],"much":[140],"more":[141],"efficiency":[142],"than":[143],"most":[144],"previous":[146],"approaches.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}