{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392449935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3374089","title":"Efficient and Scalable Architecture for Multiple-Chip Implementation of Simulated Bifurcation Machines","display_name":"Efficient and Scalable Architecture for Multiple-Chip Implementation of Simulated Bifurcation Machines","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392449935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3374089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3374089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3374089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10460551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10460551.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055646667","display_name":"Tomoya Kashimata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6337-7580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomoya Kashimata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6337-7580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089993672","display_name":"Masaya Yamasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-9605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaya Yamasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-9605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012739742","display_name":"Ryo Hidaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0207-6381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryo Hidaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0207-6381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069341139","display_name":"Kosuke Tatsumura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0511-443X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosuke Tatsumura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0511-443X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055646667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9048,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9397448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"36606","last_page":"36621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7680748701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.695146918296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.6429440379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5575185418128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.5393415093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bifurcation","display_name":"Bifurcation","score":0.504806637763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4942214787006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.45832693576812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.38788414001464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18709439039230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.1271149218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12143373489379883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7680748701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.695146918296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.6429440379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5575185418128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.5393415093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4904824","display_name":"Bifurcation","level":3,"score":0.504806637763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4942214787006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.45832693576812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.38788414001464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18709439039230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.1271149218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12143373489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3374089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3374089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10460551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38cc640b75934c7785ba6250b26bb86c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38cc640b75934c7785ba6250b26bb86c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 36606-36621 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3374089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3374089","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10460551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392449935.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392449935.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2013520638","https://openalex.org/W2024860775","https://openalex.org/W2039122980","https://openalex.org/W2260771861","https://openalex.org/W2889264682","https://openalex.org/W2938847643","https://openalex.org/W2947189577","https://openalex.org/W2950079647","https://openalex.org/W2958339331","https://openalex.org/W2962513952","https://openalex.org/W2984655992","https://openalex.org/W2993160091","https://openalex.org/W3013341397","https://openalex.org/W3090309300","https://openalex.org/W3093351105","https://openalex.org/W3103030027","https://openalex.org/W3123584450","https://openalex.org/W3123739669","https://openalex.org/W3128253723","https://openalex.org/W3134247852","https://openalex.org/W3160827123","https://openalex.org/W3203392333","https://openalex.org/W3204628099","https://openalex.org/W4200139696","https://openalex.org/W4200489299","https://openalex.org/W4213047572","https://openalex.org/W4225417080","https://openalex.org/W4239385313","https://openalex.org/W4256629673","https://openalex.org/W4280524989","https://openalex.org/W4282023448","https://openalex.org/W4282936313","https://openalex.org/W4285126277","https://openalex.org/W4288086140","https://openalex.org/W4292971287","https://openalex.org/W4297910405","https://openalex.org/W4308083513","https://openalex.org/W4360606529","https://openalex.org/W4386025598","https://openalex.org/W4386824985","https://openalex.org/W4387886337","https://openalex.org/W4388970024","https://openalex.org/W4389633725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065289416","https://openalex.org/W2017236304","https://openalex.org/W3142211975","https://openalex.org/W2115579119","https://openalex.org/W2136854845","https://openalex.org/W1879443270","https://openalex.org/W2018912978","https://openalex.org/W2130914040","https://openalex.org/W2119122672","https://openalex.org/W4292904049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ising":[0,12,34,42,91,199],"machines":[1,92],"are":[2,72],"specialized":[3],"computers":[4],"for":[5,33,63,86,175],"finding":[6],"the":[7,45,58,75,106,113,120,136,139,146],"lowest":[8],"energy":[9],"states":[10],"of":[11,41,48,60,89,132,138,148,167,171,194],"spin":[13],"models,":[14],"onto":[15],"which":[16],"many":[17],"practical":[18],"combinatorial":[19],"optimization":[20],"problems":[21,35],"can":[22,157],"be":[23,124],"mapped.":[24],"Simulated":[25],"bifurcation":[26],"(SB)":[27],"is":[28,103,190],"a":[29,49,64,83,159,163,172,176,181,195],"quantum-inspired":[30],"parallelizable":[31],"algorithm":[32],"that":[36,193],"enables":[37],"scalable":[38],"multi-chip":[39,52,87],"implementations":[40,88],"machines.":[43],"However,":[44],"computational":[46],"performance":[47,133,170,183],"previously":[50],"proposed":[51],"architecture":[53,85],"tends":[54],"to":[55,117,123,135,192],"saturate":[56],"as":[57],"number":[59],"chips":[61],"increases":[62],"given":[65],"problem":[66,161],"size":[67],"because":[68],"computation":[69,102,114],"and":[70,115,119],"communication":[71,116,121,141],"exclusive":[73],"in":[74,100,109],"time":[76,122],"domain.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"streaming":[84],"SB-based":[90],"with":[93,105,162],"full":[94],"spin-to-spin":[95],"connectivity.":[96],"The":[97,169],"data":[98,107],"flow":[99,108],"in-chip":[101],"harmonized":[104],"inter-chip":[110],"communication,":[111],"enabling":[112],"overlap":[118],"hidden.":[125],"Systematic":[126],"experiments":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"linear":[129],"strong":[130],"scaling":[131],"up":[134],"vicinity":[137],"ideal":[140],"limit":[142],"determined":[143],"only":[144],"by":[145],"latency":[147],"chip-to-chip":[149],"communication.":[150],"Our":[151],"eight-FPGA":[152],"(field-programmable":[153],"gate":[154],"array)":[155],"cluster":[156,174],"compute":[158],"32,768-spin":[160],"high":[164],"pipeline":[165],"efficiency":[166],"97.9%.":[168],"79-FPGA":[173],"100,000-spin":[177,197],"problem,":[178],"projected":[179],"using":[180],"theoretical":[182],"model":[184],"validated":[185],"on":[186],"smaller":[187],"experimental":[188],"clusters,":[189],"comparable":[191],"state-of-the-art":[196],"optical":[198],"machine.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}