{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392405824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373046","title":"Toward Robust Cardiac Segmentation Using Graph Convolutional Networks","display_name":"Toward Robust Cardiac Segmentation Using Graph Convolutional Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392405824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3373046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373046","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10458930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10458930.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030363408","display_name":"Gilles Van De Vyver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6458-385X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilles Van De Vyver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6458-385X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030646079","display_name":"Sarina Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarina Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004404233","display_name":"Guy Ben-Yosef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4368-0750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Ben-Yosef","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4368-0750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088266518","display_name":"Sindre Hellum Olaisen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7931-4145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sindre Hellum Olaisen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035138514","display_name":"H\u00e5vard Dalen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-3663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800375777","display_name":"Levanger Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/029nzwk08","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800375777"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00e5vard Dalen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","St. Olavs and Levanger hospitals, Levanger, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Olavs and Levanger hospitals, Levanger, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800375777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048844030","display_name":"Lasse L\u00f8vstakken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-9588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lasse L\u00f8vstakken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-9588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044809861","display_name":"Erik Smistad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-4709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Smistad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","SINTEF Health, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Health, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5162,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80213303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"33876","last_page":"33888"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7733270525932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7192607522010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6101365685462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.596066951751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5904132127761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5314976572990417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5090765357017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47818830609321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dice","display_name":"Dice","score":0.454374760389328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hausdorff-distance","display_name":"Hausdorff distance","score":0.45402321219444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.41238802671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.17121636867523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10699701309204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08707466721534729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7733270525932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7192607522010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6101365685462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.596066951751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5904132127761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5314976572990417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5090765357017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47818830609321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.454374760389328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141898687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501997","display_name":"Hausdorff distance","level":2,"score":0.45402321219444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.41238802671432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.17121636867523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10699701309204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08707466721534729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3373046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373046","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10458930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:95877fa9bb5740bf9e221a3d19d9c19c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/95877fa9bb5740bf9e221a3d19d9c19c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 33876-33888 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3373046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3373046","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10458930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8074014752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"237887","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392405824.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392405824.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1881549354","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124624517","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2620296437","https://openalex.org/W2769435486","https://openalex.org/W2888570268","https://openalex.org/W2913705661","https://openalex.org/W2914410118","https://openalex.org/W2915232829","https://openalex.org/W2919020930","https://openalex.org/W2954299637","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2973444803","https://openalex.org/W3000109616","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3034265573","https://openalex.org/W3101848196","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3212914995","https://openalex.org/W4284893092","https://openalex.org/W4310259937","https://openalex.org/W4387965153","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6794739717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104750253","https://openalex.org/W3021239166","https://openalex.org/W2586273397","https://openalex.org/W2390936256","https://openalex.org/W2016385589","https://openalex.org/W2009559548","https://openalex.org/W2483429559","https://openalex.org/W2890643743","https://openalex.org/W4366341510","https://openalex.org/W2906397153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"automatic":[1],"cardiac":[2,35,95],"segmentation":[3,31,142],"can":[4,33],"be":[5],"a":[6,85,135],"fast":[7],"and":[8,32,110,130,141,191],"reproducible":[9],"method":[10],"to":[11,43,122],"extract":[12],"clinical":[13,195,199],"measurements":[14,196],"from":[15,150,161],"an":[16,177,192],"echocardiography":[17],"examination.":[18],"The":[19,146],"U-Net":[20,129],"architecture":[21,28,48,87,99,184],"is":[22,204],"the":[23,61,70,74,124,128,131,139,151,162,181,186,198],"current":[24],"state-of-the-art":[25],"deep":[26],"learning":[27],"for":[29],"medical":[30],"segment":[34],"structures":[36,75],"in":[37,144,158,170],"real-time":[38],"with":[39,176],"average":[40],"errors":[41],"comparable":[42],"inter-observer":[44],"variability.":[45],"However,":[46],"this":[47,98,173],"still":[49],"generates":[50],"large":[51],"outliers":[52],"that":[53,68,88,149],"are":[54],"often":[55],"anatomically":[56],"incorrect.":[57],"This":[58],"work":[59,174],"uses":[60,89],"concept":[62],"of":[63,73,76,79,127,137,180,194],"graph":[64,86,132,182],"convolutional":[65,91,183],"neural":[66],"networks":[67],"predict":[69],"contour":[71],"points":[72],"interest":[77],"instead":[78],"labeling":[80],"each":[81],"pixel.":[82],"We":[83],"propose":[84,121],"two":[90],"rings":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94,104,185,197],"anatomy.":[96],"While":[97],"does":[100,114],"not":[101],"improve":[102],"performance":[103],"classical":[105],"measures":[106],"like":[107],"Dice":[108],"score":[109],"Hausdorff":[111],"distance,":[112],"it":[113],"eliminate":[115],"anatomical":[116],"incorrect":[117],"segmentations.":[118],"Additionally,":[119],"we":[120],"use":[123],"inter-model":[125],"agreement":[126,154,165],"network":[133],"as":[134],"predictor":[136],"both":[138],"input":[140],"quality":[143],"real-time.":[145],"results":[147],"show":[148],"100":[152,163],"high":[153],"samples,":[155,166],"93":[156],"were":[157,169],"distribution,":[159],"while":[160],"low":[164],"only":[167],"7":[168],"distribution.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"contributes":[175],"ablation":[178],"study":[179],"publicly":[187],"available":[188,205],"CAMUS":[189],"dataset":[190],"evaluation":[193],"HUNT4":[200],"dataset.":[201],"Source":[202],"code":[203],"online:":[206],"https://github.com/gillesvntnu/GCN_multistructure.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}