{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392309258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3371907","title":"Novel Classification Method to Predict the Accuracy of UWB Ranging Estimates","display_name":"Novel Classification Method to Predict the Accuracy of UWB Ranging Estimates","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392309258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3371907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3371907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3371907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10453569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10453569.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094035289","display_name":"Meritxell Arsuaga","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meritxell Arsuaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ibermática an Ayesa Company, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ibermática an Ayesa Company, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081430934","display_name":"Aitor Ochoa-de-Eribe-Landaberea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-4707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aitor Ochoa-De-Eribe-Landaberea","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-4707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071151796","display_name":"Leticia Zamora-Cadenas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leticia Zamora-Cadenas","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042500293","display_name":"Saioa Arrizabalaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-9799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saioa Arrizabalaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-9799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051427344","display_name":"Igone V\u00e9lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-5527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170828890","display_name":"Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones T\u00e9cnicas de Gipuzkoa","ror":"https://ror.org/022wqqf69","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igone Velez","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-5527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170828890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5094035289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9841,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74104191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"33659","last_page":"33670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.9813789129257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9605979919433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6941194534301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6902582049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.4513097405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42393213510513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4132421910762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3441069722175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3373090624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3273937702178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.29249823093414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19312569499015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1688300371170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12788176536560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08419239521026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07836979627609253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.9813789129257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9605979919433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6941194534301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6902582049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.4513097405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42393213510513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4132421910762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3441069722175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3373090624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3273937702178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.29249823093414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19312569499015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1688300371170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12788176536560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08419239521026611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07836979627609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3371907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3371907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10453569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dadun.unav.edu:10171/69471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10171/69471","pdf_url":"https://dadun.unav.edu/bitstreams/925bf80e-f7d7-4362-8b9a-a56fb7100af2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401514","display_name":"Deposito Adademico Digital Universidad De Navarra (University of Navarra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Navarra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3a13247d8ed404f902bd66a2b19addb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3a13247d8ed404f902bd66a2b19addb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 33659-33670 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3371907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3371907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10453569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3157554751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KK-2021/00026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G480232245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PLEC2023-01353","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392309258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392309258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092829070","https://openalex.org/W2097535968","https://openalex.org/W2110878112","https://openalex.org/W2126433025","https://openalex.org/W2147632348","https://openalex.org/W2155971774","https://openalex.org/W2162718622","https://openalex.org/W2511538593","https://openalex.org/W2610263825","https://openalex.org/W2793043725","https://openalex.org/W2797928606","https://openalex.org/W2811666756","https://openalex.org/W2897609011","https://openalex.org/W2901844150","https://openalex.org/W2906893531","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2976436292","https://openalex.org/W2996735343","https://openalex.org/W3001909141","https://openalex.org/W3004699108","https://openalex.org/W3023622710","https://openalex.org/W3042041180","https://openalex.org/W3099802519","https://openalex.org/W3148234583","https://openalex.org/W3181566022","https://openalex.org/W3198907744","https://openalex.org/W3201002648","https://openalex.org/W4200369389","https://openalex.org/W4212989150","https://openalex.org/W4221055797","https://openalex.org/W4252840749","https://openalex.org/W4285815088","https://openalex.org/W4294167420","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4311985045","https://openalex.org/W6747512288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904654071","https://openalex.org/W3004316703","https://openalex.org/W3149021053","https://openalex.org/W2124974059","https://openalex.org/W2258106632","https://openalex.org/W2900608567","https://openalex.org/W2786742173","https://openalex.org/W1977989201","https://openalex.org/W2770110807","https://openalex.org/W2954228414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real":[0],"time":[1],"location":[2,27],"systems":[3],"(RTLSs)":[4],"are":[5,51,89],"becoming":[6],"more":[7,11],"relevant":[8],"in":[9,90,101,146,153,192],"a":[10,74,147,167,171],"data":[12,142],"driven":[13],"economy":[14],"and":[15,98],"society":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,32,55,83,178],"their":[19],"wide":[20],"range":[21],"of":[22,28,58,64,92,140,157,166,182,199,208],"application":[23],"cases.":[24],"When":[25],"the":[26,44,133,141,154,163,180,183,188,193,196,215,222],"an":[29,131],"object":[30],"needs":[31],"be":[33],"tracked":[34],"with":[35],"high":[36],"accuracy,":[37],"ultra":[38],"wideband":[39],"(UWB)":[40],"technology":[41],"is":[42,105,156,176,207],"usually":[43],"best":[45,216],"option.":[46],"Nevertheless,":[47],"UWB":[48,148,168],"ranging":[49,87,120,134,184,197,201],"estimates":[50,88],"not":[52,116],"completely":[53],"immune":[54],"some":[56],"sources":[57],"error":[59,138],"such":[60],"as":[61,111,144,204],"non":[62],"line":[63,91],"sight":[65,93],"(NLOS)":[66],"or":[67,95,113],"multipath":[68],"conditions.":[69],"Thus,":[70,170],"this":[71],"paper":[72],"proposes":[73],"real-time":[75],"classification":[76,174,190,225],"model":[77,175,191],"based":[78,149],"on":[79,221],"machine":[80],"learning":[81],"(ML)":[82],"predict":[84,179],"if":[85],"received":[86],"(LOS)":[94],"NLOS":[96,114],"conditions":[97],"discard":[99],"those":[100,200],"NLOS.":[102],"However,":[103],"it":[104],"also":[106,126],"shown":[107],"that":[108],"classifying":[109],"measurements":[110,124],"LOS":[112,123,145],"does":[115],"guarantee":[117],"detecting":[118],"inaccurate":[119],"estimates,":[121],"since":[122],"can":[125,219],"yield":[127],"large":[128],"errors.":[129],"As":[130],"example,":[132],"root":[135],"mean":[136],"square":[137],"(RMSE)":[139],"labelled":[143],"localization":[150],"system":[151],"database":[152],"literature":[155],"0.714":[158],"m,":[159,211],"significantly":[160,212],"higher":[161],"than":[162,214],"theoretical":[164],"accuracy":[165],"system.":[169],"novel":[172],"ML-based":[173],"proposed":[177,189],"magnitude":[181],"error.":[185],"After":[186],"applying":[187],"same":[194],"data,":[195],"RMSE":[198,217],"samples":[202],"classified":[203],"most":[205],"accurate":[206],"only":[209],"0.183":[210],"lower":[213],"we":[218],"obtain":[220],"classical":[223],"LOS/NLOS":[224],"approach.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}