{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392174059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370681","title":"Experimental Analysis of Efficient Dual-Layer Energy Management and Power Control in an AC Microgrid System","display_name":"Experimental Analysis of Efficient Dual-Layer Energy Management and Power Control in an AC Microgrid System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392174059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370681","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445463.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445463.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053018322","display_name":"Youssef Akarne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0944-6485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youssef Akarne","raw_affiliation_strings":["High National School of Arts and Crafts (ENSAM), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0944-6485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High National School of Arts and Crafts (ENSAM), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030918130","display_name":"Ahmed Essadki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-0505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Essadki","raw_affiliation_strings":["High National School of Arts and Crafts (ENSAM), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High National School of Arts and Crafts (ENSAM), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022301325","display_name":"Tamou Nasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8522-5205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamou Nasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["High National School for Computer Science and Systems (ENSIAS), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8522-5205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High National School for Computer Science and Systems (ENSIAS), Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032138906","display_name":"Brahim El Bhiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-3243"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brahim El Bhiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["SmartiLab Laboratory, EMSI, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-3243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SmartiLab Laboratory, EMSI, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":13.7105,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99358311,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"30577","last_page":"30592"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9353264570236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.6400296688079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5229430794715881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-layer","display_name":"Dual layer","score":0.5211337208747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4919137954711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.46973973512649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45807597041130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.42618003487586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-energy","display_name":"Dual energy","score":0.41787081956863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.341111421585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.329802006483078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.22724688053131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17364028096199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15156352519989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14667004346847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.12618300318717957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9353264570236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6400296688079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5229430794715881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993148961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5294","display_name":"Dual layer","level":3,"score":0.5211337208747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4919137954711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.46973973512649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45807597041130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.42618003487586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994545362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Dual energy","level":4,"score":0.41787081956863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.341111421585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.329802006483078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22724688053131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17364028096199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15156352519989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14667004346847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.12618300318717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370681","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445463.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ab5995fa6c64ae7b687f7ab0e2660ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ab5995fa6c64ae7b687f7ab0e2660ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 30577-30592 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370681","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445463.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392174059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392174059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994272857","https://openalex.org/W2304726548","https://openalex.org/W2470580329","https://openalex.org/W2924307998","https://openalex.org/W2947344624","https://openalex.org/W2989302924","https://openalex.org/W2998553334","https://openalex.org/W3013008605","https://openalex.org/W3200187496","https://openalex.org/W4200298083","https://openalex.org/W4205759717","https://openalex.org/W4285090729","https://openalex.org/W4289836703","https://openalex.org/W4313256839","https://openalex.org/W4319300232","https://openalex.org/W4361217559","https://openalex.org/W4366813529","https://openalex.org/W4367724240","https://openalex.org/W4375953428","https://openalex.org/W4380206143","https://openalex.org/W4380248845","https://openalex.org/W4380248965","https://openalex.org/W4381686429","https://openalex.org/W4383997423","https://openalex.org/W4385410498","https://openalex.org/W4385880591","https://openalex.org/W4386043517","https://openalex.org/W4387265115","https://openalex.org/W4387480440","https://openalex.org/W4387801977","https://openalex.org/W4387914254","https://openalex.org/W4388507459","https://openalex.org/W4388903799","https://openalex.org/W4389880406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2766320831","https://openalex.org/W2786736742","https://openalex.org/W4393187612","https://openalex.org/W2999722370","https://openalex.org/W4399979197","https://openalex.org/W4283830034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,71,109,131,149,191],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,17,25,41,60,74,91,114,119,221],"dual-layer":[4,37],"approach":[5],"for":[6,67,153],"managing":[7],"and":[8,45,125,137,146,155,183,199,229,247,263,268,287],"controlling":[9],"an":[10,46,55,188,273,279],"AC":[11,69,107],"Microgrid":[12],"(MG).":[13],"The":[14,36,52,201],"MG":[15,165],"integrates":[16],"Photovoltaic":[18],"System":[19,23,28,49],"(PVS),":[20],"Wind":[21],"Turbine":[22],"(WTS),":[24],"Battery":[26],"Storage":[27],"(BSS),":[29],"all":[30],"interconnected":[31],"with":[32,59,96,181,210],"the":[33,68,82,88,97,101,106,128,164,171,174,178,194,207,213,240,245,253,276,291],"utility":[34],"grid.":[35],"is":[38,110,173],"structured":[39],"into":[40],"Control":[42],"Layer":[43,50],"(CL)":[44],"Energy":[47],"Management":[48],"(EMS-L).":[51],"CL":[53],"proposes":[54],"efficient":[56,156],"model":[57],"coupled":[58],"system":[61,72],"control,":[62],"ensuring":[63],"high":[64],"power":[65],"quality":[66],"microgrid.":[70,108],"employs":[73],"Particle":[75],"Swarm":[76],"Optimization":[77],"(PSO)":[78],"algorithm":[79],"to":[80,139,162,225,266,272],"optimize":[81],"set":[83],"point":[84],"tracking":[85],"performance.":[86,166],"Simultaneously,":[87],"EMS-L":[89],"utilizes":[90],"Sparrow":[92],"Search":[93],"Algorithm":[94,185],"(SSA)":[95],"objective":[98],"of":[99,105,127,170,177,239,250,261,285],"minimizing":[100],"total":[102],"operating":[103],"costs":[104],"achieved":[111],"by":[112],"employing":[113],"15-minutes":[115],"step":[116],"time":[117],"over":[118],"24-hours":[120],"period,":[121],"enhancing":[122],"both":[123],"precision":[124],"rapidity":[126],"system\u2019s":[129],"operation.":[130],"enhanced":[132],"temporal":[133],"resolution":[134],"effectively":[135],"models":[136],"responds":[138],"fluctuations":[140],"in":[141,160,231,243],"energy":[142,157],"demand,":[143],"supply":[144],"variability":[145],"environmental":[147],"factors.":[148],"synergistic":[150],"integration":[151],"allows":[152],"nuanced":[154],"flow":[158],"management":[159],"order":[161],"optimise":[163],"A":[167],"significant":[168],"aspect":[169],"research":[172],"comparative":[175],"analysis":[176,192],"proposed":[179],"SSA-EMS":[180,254,277],"PSO":[182,211,267],"Genetic":[184],"(GA),":[186],"alongside":[187],"unoptimized":[189,274],"system.":[190],"highlights":[193],"hybrid":[195],"methodology\u2019s":[196,241],"superior":[197],"efficiency":[198],"effectiveness.":[200],"robust":[202],"framework,":[203],"combining":[204],"SSA":[205],"at":[206,212],"EMS":[208],"layer":[209],"control":[214],"layer,":[215],"has":[216],"been":[217],"empirically":[218],"tested":[219],"using":[220],"real":[222],"world":[223],"data":[224],"confirm":[226],"its":[227],"effectiveness":[228],"resilience":[230],"practical":[232],"scenarios.":[233],"These":[234],"tests":[235],"provide":[236],"solid":[237],"evidence":[238],"potential":[242],"boosting":[244],"sustainable":[246],"reliable":[248],"operation":[249],"microgrids.":[251],"Significantly,":[252],"showcases":[255],"notable":[256],"cost":[257,283],"efficiency,":[258],"achieving":[259],"reductions":[260],"33.34%":[262],"41.18%":[264],"compared":[265,271],"GA.":[269],"Impressively,":[270],"system,":[275],"demonstrates":[278],"even":[280],"more":[281],"remarkable":[282],"reduction":[284],"49.43%":[286],"59.10%":[288],"while":[289],"considering":[290],"impact":[292],"on":[293],"battery":[294],"health":[295],"constraints.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
