{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392173982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370598","title":"Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop UAV-Assisted mmWave Links Considering Orientation Fluctuations","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop UAV-Assisted mmWave Links Considering Orientation Fluctuations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392173982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370598","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445450.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093558840","display_name":"Rayyan Al-Khatab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100086675","display_name":"Al-Hussein Bin Talal University","ror":"https://ror.org/019dkd780","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rayyan Al-Khatab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050356326","display_name":"Saud Althunibat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100086675","display_name":"Al-Hussein Bin Talal University","ror":"https://ror.org/019dkd780","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["JO","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saud Althunibat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas, A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-5007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas, A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011882596","display_name":"Abdullah Alhasanat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-2215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100086675","display_name":"Al-Hussein Bin Talal University","ror":"https://ror.org/019dkd780","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alhasanat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-2215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100086675"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009224411","display_name":"Khalid Qaraqe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58152225","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/03vb4dm14","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58152225","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid A. Qaraqe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-9212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58152225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4938,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9249609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"32518","last_page":"32531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7315285801887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.6916269063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5664640665054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5495520830154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4973302185535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.49378618597984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.4875585436820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.46806326508522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.44504615664482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4140337109565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37506920099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3306733965873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30337435007095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23198696970939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13101676106452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12976378202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10789188742637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09051540493965149}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7315285801887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.6916269063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5664640665054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5495520830154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4973302185535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.49378618597984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.4875585436820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.46806326508522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.44504615664482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4140337109565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37506920099258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3306733965873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30337435007095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23198696970939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13101676106452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12976378202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10789188742637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09051540493965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370598","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d637c90f91e04f399122410e4abb3752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d637c90f91e04f399122410e4abb3752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 32518-32531 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370598","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1990226670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP14C-0909-210008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392173982.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392173982.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W2035141480","https://openalex.org/W2113329734","https://openalex.org/W2115106602","https://openalex.org/W2235766849","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2619924686","https://openalex.org/W2729225510","https://openalex.org/W2884324469","https://openalex.org/W2901790394","https://openalex.org/W2942228371","https://openalex.org/W2952872256","https://openalex.org/W2962848741","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2964316728","https://openalex.org/W3003438773","https://openalex.org/W3034846142","https://openalex.org/W3037591882","https://openalex.org/W3044987897","https://openalex.org/W3088241366","https://openalex.org/W3090147969","https://openalex.org/W3091548054","https://openalex.org/W3112056039","https://openalex.org/W3151172299","https://openalex.org/W3162979494","https://openalex.org/W3163283789","https://openalex.org/W3169113824","https://openalex.org/W4282970004","https://openalex.org/W4296908516","https://openalex.org/W4316506832","https://openalex.org/W4321636686","https://openalex.org/W4323338589","https://openalex.org/W4379470055","https://openalex.org/W4386702872","https://openalex.org/W4390098859","https://openalex.org/W4392847142","https://openalex.org/W6676762455","https://openalex.org/W6859838557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944897482","https://openalex.org/W4213267843","https://openalex.org/W1980528650","https://openalex.org/W1975273214","https://openalex.org/W2168519368","https://openalex.org/W3102213005","https://openalex.org/W2036854414","https://openalex.org/W2392327107","https://openalex.org/W2753355162","https://openalex.org/W3129080429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,45],"emergency":[1],"scenarios,":[2],"infrastructure":[3],"of":[4,13,75,80,95,116,146,182,189,209,223],"wireless":[5,32],"networks":[6],"is":[7,50,111,131],"usually":[8],"damaged":[9],"and":[10,30,60,85,124,140,164,198],"becomes":[11],"out":[12],"service.":[14],"Therefore,":[15],"Unmanned":[16],"Aerial":[17],"Vehicles":[18],"(UAVs)":[19],"have":[20],"been":[21],"widely":[22],"nominated":[23],"as":[24],"an":[25],"alternative":[26],"to":[27,133,155,220],"provide":[28],"prompt":[29],"efficient":[31],"connectivity.":[33],"To":[34],"this":[35,46],"end,":[36],"UAV-assisted":[37,52,97],"communication":[38],"systems":[39],"are":[40,153,172],"recently":[41],"being":[42],"under":[43],"investigation.":[44],"paper,":[47],"the":[48,57,70,73,81,86,101,108,117,135,141,147,161,180,187,192,195,199,207,213,221,224,227,231],"focus":[49],"on":[51,226],"dual-hop":[53,96],"links":[54,77,98],"in":[55,78,212,230],"which":[56,152,178],"source,":[58],"relay":[59],"destination":[61],"can":[62],"be":[63],"either":[64],"ground-based":[65],"or":[66],"aerial":[67,210],"nodes.":[68],"Specifically,":[69],"paper":[71],"analyzes":[72],"performance":[74,109,218],"these":[76],"terms":[79],"outage":[82],"probability":[83,142],"(OP)":[84],"bit":[87],"error":[88],"rate":[89],"(BER)":[90],"considering":[91,113],"eight":[92],"different":[93],"setups":[94],"operating":[99],"over":[100],"millimeter":[102],"wave":[103],"(mmWave)":[104],"band.":[105,233],"Unlike":[106],"others,":[107],"analysis":[110],"conducted":[112],"practical":[114],"models":[115],"channel":[118],"fading,":[119],"path":[120],"loss,":[121],"antennas":[122,229],"gain":[123],"UAVs\u2019":[125],"fluctuations.":[126],"A":[127],"generalized":[128],"mathematical":[129],"framework":[130],"followed":[132],"obtain":[134],"cumulative":[136],"distribution":[137],"function":[138,144],"(CDF)":[139],"density":[143],"(pdf)":[145],"overall":[148],"signal-to-noise":[149],"ratio":[150],"(SNR),":[151],"utilized":[154],"characterize":[156],"closed":[157],"form":[158],"expressions":[159],"for":[160,166],"average":[162],"OP":[163],"BER":[165],"all":[167],"proposed":[168],"setups.":[169],"Analytical":[170],"results":[171,203],"validated":[173],"by":[174],"Monte":[175],"Carlo":[176],"simulations":[177],"investigate":[179],"role":[181],"many":[183],"setup":[184],"parameters":[185],"including":[186],"number":[188,208],"antenna":[190],"elements,":[191],"fluctuation":[193],"intensity,":[194],"transmit":[196],"power":[197],"modulation":[200],"order.":[201],"Moreover,":[202],"indicate":[204],"that":[205],"increasing":[206],"entities":[211],"link":[214],"negatively":[215],"affects":[216],"its":[217],"due":[219],"impact":[222],"fluctuations":[225],"directional":[228],"mmWave":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}