{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392151778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370164","title":"Optimizing Environmental Impact: MCDM-Based Approaches for Petrochemical Industry Emission Cuts","display_name":"Optimizing Environmental Impact: MCDM-Based Approaches for Petrochemical Industry Emission Cuts","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392151778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370164","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445263.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017850314","display_name":"Muhammad Ahsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8701-0284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ahsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345572","display_name":"Lixin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-2472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742778","display_name":"Ruijin Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruijin Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055666615","display_name":"Amel Ali Alhussan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7530-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amel Ali Alhussan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108139013","display_name":"El\u2010Sayed M. El\u2010kenawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0605-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El-Sayed M. El-Kenawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017850314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961","https://openalex.org/I87482320"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5225,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82238071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"35309","last_page":"35324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petrochemical","display_name":"Petrochemical","score":0.6870962977409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6472934484481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-criteria-decision-analysis","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","score":0.6329982280731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.5568684339523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5532485842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"Cost reduction","score":0.4769150912761688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.47670382261276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.44221633672714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.37230730056762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.2584773004055023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22931569814682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.21708795428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.12414571642875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.106781005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08758348226547241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170573351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364904","display_name":"Petrochemical","level":2,"score":0.6870962977409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6472934484481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11105738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895805","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.6329982280731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.5568684339523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5532485842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.4769150912761688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.47670382261276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.44221633672714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.37230730056762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2584773004055023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22931569814682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21708795428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.12414571642875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.106781005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08758348226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370164","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df43bed60ec84fa999fbbff761b51330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df43bed60ec84fa999fbbff761b51330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 35309-35324 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3370164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3370164","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2053653470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4010074732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Riyadh","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5624068463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2024R308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G746591864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2024R3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7672562648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PNURSP2024R30","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","funder_display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392151778.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392151778.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578428442","https://openalex.org/W1976915331","https://openalex.org/W1978352585","https://openalex.org/W1980564456","https://openalex.org/W1999949562","https://openalex.org/W2006247844","https://openalex.org/W2015415636","https://openalex.org/W2023671427","https://openalex.org/W2026244788","https://openalex.org/W2032333881","https://openalex.org/W2038374405","https://openalex.org/W2040121225","https://openalex.org/W2040460496","https://openalex.org/W2055108933","https://openalex.org/W2070417014","https://openalex.org/W2082669644","https://openalex.org/W2118005807","https://openalex.org/W2137607269","https://openalex.org/W2137985017","https://openalex.org/W2153478942","https://openalex.org/W2155976821","https://openalex.org/W2169275567","https://openalex.org/W2208115510","https://openalex.org/W2252102017","https://openalex.org/W2273432898","https://openalex.org/W2293737317","https://openalex.org/W2311142332","https://openalex.org/W2425476922","https://openalex.org/W2564852102","https://openalex.org/W2589233777","https://openalex.org/W2589744402","https://openalex.org/W2626912289","https://openalex.org/W2669156789","https://openalex.org/W2753957617","https://openalex.org/W2804792520","https://openalex.org/W2898392938","https://openalex.org/W2909122031","https://openalex.org/W2924550391","https://openalex.org/W2954574002","https://openalex.org/W2955609129","https://openalex.org/W2961607208","https://openalex.org/W2968527706","https://openalex.org/W3014210496","https://openalex.org/W3046322013","https://openalex.org/W3106330081","https://openalex.org/W3121544236","https://openalex.org/W3124374642","https://openalex.org/W3139081636","https://openalex.org/W3162882072","https://openalex.org/W3186209768","https://openalex.org/W3198255590","https://openalex.org/W3207759863","https://openalex.org/W3210221097","https://openalex.org/W3215740931","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4213412328","https://openalex.org/W4220784255","https://openalex.org/W4220955252","https://openalex.org/W4225829530","https://openalex.org/W4229040279","https://openalex.org/W4244346666","https://openalex.org/W4287903011","https://openalex.org/W4300491437","https://openalex.org/W4301373334","https://openalex.org/W4385338691","https://openalex.org/W4386753638","https://openalex.org/W4391214953","https://openalex.org/W4405823466","https://openalex.org/W6693091319","https://openalex.org/W6717870190","https://openalex.org/W6776209732","https://openalex.org/W6780026933","https://openalex.org/W6786354804","https://openalex.org/W6789404273","https://openalex.org/W6791892866","https://openalex.org/W6796120746","https://openalex.org/W6912676785","https://openalex.org/W6967703549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041949587","https://openalex.org/W3154161952","https://openalex.org/W2963319272","https://openalex.org/W2778781604","https://openalex.org/W4235219488","https://openalex.org/W4384785625","https://openalex.org/W1979716082","https://openalex.org/W4242594920","https://openalex.org/W2812758604","https://openalex.org/W2087637582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,119,157],"petrochemical":[1,53,171],"industry":[2,172],"is":[3],"a":[4,20,37,90,94],"major":[5],"contributor":[6],"to":[7,31,43,63,102,139],"carbon":[8,49,144,181],"emissions,":[9],"necessitating":[10],"an":[11],"urgent":[12],"shift":[13],"towards":[14],"effective":[15,45],"emission":[16,78,145,182],"reduction":[17,146,183],"techniques.":[18],"However,":[19],"lack":[21],"of":[22,29,109,115,151],"essential":[23],"data":[24,104],"has":[25],"hindered":[26],"the":[27,52,107,141,149,176],"development":[28],"strategies":[30],"address":[32,103],"this":[33,161],"issue,":[34],"calling":[35],"for":[36,47,167],"comprehensive":[38],"approach.":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41,162],"seeks":[42],"formulate":[44],"approaches":[46],"mitigating":[48],"emissions":[50],"in":[51,174],"sector":[54],"by":[55],"assessing":[56],"their":[57],"impact":[58],"and":[59,80,111,131,169,179],"recognizing":[60],"potential":[61],"barriers":[62],"reduction.":[64],"primary":[66],"objectives":[67],"revolve":[68],"around":[69],"three":[70,122],"key":[71],"aspects:":[72],"reducing":[73],"energy":[74],"intensity,":[75],"optimizing":[76],"CO2":[77],"reduction,":[79],"minimizing":[81,155],"associated":[82],"costs.":[83,156],"To":[84],"attain":[85],"these":[86],"objectives,":[87],"we":[88],"utilized":[89],"dataset":[91],"represented":[92],"as":[93],"complex":[95,116],"multi-fuzzy":[96],"hypersoft":[97],"set":[98],"(CMFHSS),":[99],"specifically":[100],"designed":[101],"uncertainties":[105],"through":[106],"incorporation":[108],"amplitude":[110],"phase":[112],"terms":[113],"(P-terms)":[114],"numbers":[117],"(C-numbers).":[118],"research":[120],"explores":[121],"decision-making":[123],"techniques,":[124],"namely":[125],"Similarity":[126],"Measures":[127],"(SM),":[128],"Entropy":[129],"(ENT)":[130],"TOPSIS":[132],"within":[133],"CMFHSS.":[134],"These":[135],"techniques":[136],"are":[137],"applied":[138],"identify":[140],"most":[142,177],"efficient":[143],"strategy,":[147],"with":[148],"goal":[150],"maximizing":[152],"benefits":[153],"while":[154],"insights":[158],"derived":[159],"from":[160],"can":[163],"provide":[164],"valuable":[165],"input":[166],"policymaking":[168],"assist":[170],"stakeholders":[173],"selecting":[175],"advantageous":[178],"cost-effective":[180],"methods.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}