{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392173881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3369679","title":"Spatio-Temporal Consistency for Multivariate Time-Series Representation Learning","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Consistency for Multivariate Time-Series Representation Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392173881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3369679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3369679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3369679","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445124.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330716","display_name":"Sangho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7784-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Data Science Laboratory, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7784-8515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Laboratory, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038180509","display_name":"Wonjoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-8072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110217816","display_name":"Dongduk Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/039p7ck60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110217816"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Future Convergence (HCI Science Major), Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Kore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-8072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Future Convergence (HCI Science Major), Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Kore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110217816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053309949","display_name":"Youngdoo Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngdoo Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Data Science Laboratory, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-5853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Laboratory, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.072,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73272504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"30962","last_page":"30975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6988726258277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.663938581943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6588956117630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.6020570397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5945289731025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5797601342201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49105238914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3478406071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32968103885650635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6988726258277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.663938581943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6588956117630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.6020570397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5945289731025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5797601342201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49105238914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3478406071662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32968103885650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3369679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3369679","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:88518ee7fc26468097912b7dec177d29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/88518ee7fc26468097912b7dec177d29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 30962-30975 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3369679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3369679","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10445124.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2172666437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"322050-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336122","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G29199981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00208412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5543203883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00239877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6320355381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00239877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8122236230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00271054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8349132680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"322050-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322033","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322033","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/009g8rq41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336122","display_name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392173881.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392173881.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1918275453","https://openalex.org/W1979255715","https://openalex.org/W1987512222","https://openalex.org/W2041217742","https://openalex.org/W2604847698","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2899663614","https://openalex.org/W2951934944","https://openalex.org/W3004946360","https://openalex.org/W3023371261","https://openalex.org/W3035661013","https://openalex.org/W3087009257","https://openalex.org/W3101709902","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3126367810","https://openalex.org/W3169450514","https://openalex.org/W3169661950","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W3179997351","https://openalex.org/W3188872815","https://openalex.org/W3190152617","https://openalex.org/W3199148273","https://openalex.org/W3204812266","https://openalex.org/W4212805283","https://openalex.org/W4213248681","https://openalex.org/W4221108754","https://openalex.org/W4287062502","https://openalex.org/W4302367531","https://openalex.org/W4303438998","https://openalex.org/W4310416691","https://openalex.org/W4312742492","https://openalex.org/W4312901686","https://openalex.org/W4313039183","https://openalex.org/W4319068978","https://openalex.org/W4323035995","https://openalex.org/W4323356165","https://openalex.org/W4382203079","https://openalex.org/W4382239668","https://openalex.org/W4386799830","https://openalex.org/W4388676625","https://openalex.org/W4393160493","https://openalex.org/W6748816842","https://openalex.org/W6749825310","https://openalex.org/W6755977528","https://openalex.org/W6759891849","https://openalex.org/W6764679822","https://openalex.org/W6771497439","https://openalex.org/W6785773631","https://openalex.org/W6786152982","https://openalex.org/W6788705105","https://openalex.org/W6840585966","https://openalex.org/W6845625448","https://openalex.org/W6846825190","https://openalex.org/W6850183673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406638334","https://openalex.org/W1991765889","https://openalex.org/W1990068454","https://openalex.org/W2472172556","https://openalex.org/W1919101720","https://openalex.org/W2118640767","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Label":[0],"sparsity":[1],"in":[2,112,130],"multivariate":[3],"time":[4],"series":[5],"(MTS)":[6],"makes":[7],"using":[8],"label":[9],"information":[10,106],"for":[11,28],"practical":[12],"applications":[13],"challenging.":[14],"Thus,":[15],"unsupervised":[16],"representation":[17,83],"learning":[18,38,84,95],"methods":[19,57],"have":[20,58],"gained":[21],"attention":[22],"to":[23,45,73,88],"learn":[24],"effective":[25],"representations":[26,48,97],"suitable":[27],"various":[29],"MTS":[30,52,69,120],"tasks":[31,124],"without":[32],"relying":[33],"on":[34,94,119,137],"labels.":[35],"Recently,":[36],"contrastive":[37,82],"has":[39],"emerged":[40],"as":[41,62,107,109],"a":[42,79],"promising":[43],"approach":[44],"generate":[46],"robust":[47,96],"by":[49,98],"capturing":[50],"underlying":[51],"information.":[53],"However,":[54],"the":[55,126],"existing":[56],"some":[59],"limitations,":[60],"such":[61],"insufficient":[63],"consideration":[64],"of":[65,68,116,128],"cross-variable":[66],"relationships":[67],"and":[70,122],"high":[71],"sensitivity":[72],"positive":[74],"pairs.":[75],"Therefore,":[76],"we":[77],"proposed":[78],"novel":[80],"spatio-temporal":[81,100],"method":[85],"(STCR)":[86],"designed":[87],"address":[89],"these":[90],"limitations.":[91],"STCR":[92,129],"focuses":[93],"encouraging":[99],"consistency,":[101],"which":[102],"comprehensively":[103],"considers":[104],"spatial":[105],"well":[108],"temporal":[110],"dependencies":[111],"MTS.":[113],"The":[114],"results":[115],"extensive":[117],"experiments":[118],"classification":[121],"forecasting":[123],"demonstrate":[125],"efficacy":[127],"generating":[131],"high-quality":[132],"representations,":[133],"achieving":[134],"state-of-the-art":[135],"performance":[136],"both":[138],"tasks.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}