{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392024438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368912","title":"Miniaturized Continuous-Wave Terahertz Spectrometer With 3.6 THz Bandwidth Enabled by Photonic Integration and Microelectronics","display_name":"Miniaturized Continuous-Wave Terahertz Spectrometer With 3.6 THz Bandwidth Enabled by Photonic Integration and Microelectronics","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392024438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368912","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443452.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069090401","display_name":"Simon Nellen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon Nellen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-186X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043525336","display_name":"Lauri Schwenson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3497-6430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauri Schwenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3497-6430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039079183","display_name":"Lars Liebermeister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-5051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Liebermeister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083710799","display_name":"Milan Deumer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-3738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milan Deumer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-3738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083100201","display_name":"Sebastian Lauck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Lauck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109567901","display_name":"Martin Schell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-0105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Schell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049029990","display_name":"Robert B. Kohlhaas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-1954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Kohlhaas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069090401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1749,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7728289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"35246","last_page":"35256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.9241395592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectronics","display_name":"Microelectronics","score":0.772282600402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.6614425182342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6031666994094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5988282561302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-metamaterials","display_name":"Terahertz metamaterials","score":0.5926723480224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.5733751654624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49939846992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-spectroscopy-and-technology","display_name":"Terahertz spectroscopy and technology","score":0.452853262424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.41097235679626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2993199825286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14863431453704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13602164387702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/far-infrared-laser","display_name":"Far-infrared laser","score":0.1071636974811554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.9241395592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187937830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175403","display_name":"Microelectronics","level":2,"score":0.772282600402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.6614425182342529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6031666994094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5988282561302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112184408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7701523","display_name":"Terahertz metamaterials","level":4,"score":0.5926723480224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.5733751654624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49939846992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77887725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157147","display_name":"Terahertz spectroscopy and technology","level":3,"score":0.452853262424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.41097235679626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2993199825286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14863431453704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13602164387702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133033976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2054070","display_name":"Far-infrared laser","level":3,"score":0.1071636974811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368912","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22369c4a6a80409bbb4e3b3bb7bac7c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22369c4a6a80409bbb4e3b3bb7bac7c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 35246-35256 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/499380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/499380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368912","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392024438.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997394546","https://openalex.org/W1997920385","https://openalex.org/W2003024267","https://openalex.org/W2018797083","https://openalex.org/W2030313992","https://openalex.org/W2031633076","https://openalex.org/W2033089192","https://openalex.org/W2041905821","https://openalex.org/W2049527676","https://openalex.org/W2049889711","https://openalex.org/W2073287218","https://openalex.org/W2117431658","https://openalex.org/W2136708729","https://openalex.org/W2169243127","https://openalex.org/W2513548817","https://openalex.org/W2564158202","https://openalex.org/W2567862405","https://openalex.org/W2585393697","https://openalex.org/W2589832378","https://openalex.org/W2793762056","https://openalex.org/W2795868295","https://openalex.org/W2909134860","https://openalex.org/W2976532489","https://openalex.org/W2996680373","https://openalex.org/W3015169980","https://openalex.org/W3094329039","https://openalex.org/W3128309025","https://openalex.org/W3131024635","https://openalex.org/W3213870213","https://openalex.org/W4200147498","https://openalex.org/W4221052034","https://openalex.org/W4292962597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087227458","https://openalex.org/W2811462147","https://openalex.org/W2066095422","https://openalex.org/W2022513209","https://openalex.org/W2092056827","https://openalex.org/W2756162313","https://openalex.org/W2085854478","https://openalex.org/W2968104539","https://openalex.org/W1965563390","https://openalex.org/W2142647495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Broadband":[0],"terahertz":[1,36,64,202,225,230],"spectroscopy":[2],"is":[3,30,196],"a":[4,11,31,63,68,139,201],"valuable":[5],"analytical":[6],"tool":[7],"in":[8,145,157,188,235],"science":[9],"and":[10,48,73,92,113,137,150,207,212,223,237],"promising":[12],"technology":[13,231],"for":[14,34,177,193,221,232],"industrial":[15],"non-destructive,":[16],"non-contact":[17],"testing,":[18],"e.g.":[19,170],"thickness":[20],"measurements":[21],"of":[22,41,58,147,200],"thin":[23],"dielectric":[24],"layers.":[25],"Optoelectronic":[26],"conversion":[27],"using":[28],"photomixers":[29],"widespread":[32],"approach":[33,217],"coherent":[35],"spectroscopy.":[37],"State-of-the-art":[38],"spectrometers":[39],"consist":[40],"discrete,":[42],"fiber-based":[43],"components,":[44],"leading":[45],"to":[46,78,88,98,141,154,166,229],"complex":[47],"costly":[49],"setups.":[50],"In":[51],"cost-sensitive":[52,233],"applications,":[53],"this":[54],"prevents":[55],"the":[56,94,100,107,117,155,160,197,219],"use":[57],"these":[59,80],"spectrometers.":[60,215],"We":[61,132],"developed":[62],"spectrometer":[65,203],"based":[66,204],"on":[67,205],"dedicated":[69],"photonic":[70,83,206],"integrated":[71,76,161],"circuit":[72],"commercial":[74,89,214],"electronic":[75,104,208],"circuits":[77],"overcome":[79],"limitations.":[81],"The":[82,103],"subsystem":[84,105],"can":[85,163],"be":[86,164],"connected":[87],"tunable":[90],"lasers":[91],"provides":[93],"optical":[95],"signal":[96,111],"processing":[97],"drive":[99],"photoconductive":[101],"antennas.":[102],"includes":[106],"required":[108],"drivers,":[109],"analog":[110],"processing,":[112],"data":[114],"acquisition.":[115],"Combined,":[116],"system":[118,162],"measures":[119],"<inline-formula":[120],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[121],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[122],"<tex-math":[123],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10":[124],"\\times":[125,127],"16":[126],"7.5$":[128],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[129],"cm3":[130],"only.":[131],"compare":[133],"both":[134],"subsystems":[135],"individually":[136],"as":[138],"whole":[140],"state-of-the-art":[142,211],"lab":[143],"equipment":[144],"terms":[146],"spectral":[148],"performance":[149],"measurement":[151,158,168],"speed.":[152],"Due":[153],"flexibility":[156],"modes,":[159],"adapted":[165],"specific":[167],"tasks,":[169],"2.8":[171],"THz-wide":[172],"spectra":[173],"within":[174],"0.5":[175],"s":[176],"high-speed,":[178],"or":[179],"3.6":[180],"THz":[181],"bandwidth":[182],"with":[183],">80":[184],"dB":[185],"dynamic":[186],"range":[187],"less":[189],"than":[190],"3":[191],"minutes":[192],"high-precision.":[194],"This":[195,216],"first":[198],"realization":[199],"integration":[209],"rivaling":[210],"non-integrated":[213],"paves":[218],"way":[220],"compact":[222],"economic":[224],"systems,":[226],"providing":[227],"access":[228],"sectors":[234],"research":[236],"industry.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}