{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392084874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368911","title":"An Improved Transformer Network With Multi-Scale Convolution for Weed Identification in Sugarcane Field","display_name":"An Improved Transformer Network With Multi-Scale Convolution for Weed Identification in Sugarcane Field","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392084874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368911","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443456.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074558201","display_name":"Cuimin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-1094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuimin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-1094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103062579","display_name":"Me\u0131l\u0131ng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2574-841X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2574-841X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035775491","display_name":"Muchen Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muchen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101756360","display_name":"Xingzhi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9496-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingzhi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.7099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95329281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"31168","last_page":"31181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7226778268814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed","display_name":"Weed","score":0.5558413863182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5172634720802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.49941539764404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4973926842212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47846245765686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.45338261127471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43632274866104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.4258756935596466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40213990211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.13763204216957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.08947029709815979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7226778268814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.5558413863182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5172634720802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.49941539764404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4973926842212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47846245765686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.45338261127471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43632274866104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.4258756935596466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40213990211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.13763204216957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.08947029709815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368911","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:019157bb98684ea6bab3b16c5433d6ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/019157bb98684ea6bab3b16c5433d6ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 31168-31181 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368911","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10380310/10443456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5533913288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023KY0020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327522","funder_display_name":"Guangxi University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327522","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392084874.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186058950","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2010036662","https://openalex.org/W2023733832","https://openalex.org/W2078595101","https://openalex.org/W2153127838","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2510284721","https://openalex.org/W2594584504","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2739413041","https://openalex.org/W2743352521","https://openalex.org/W2791322423","https://openalex.org/W2810270273","https://openalex.org/W2886554959","https://openalex.org/W2913227116","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2987252287","https://openalex.org/W2990296407","https://openalex.org/W3014443006","https://openalex.org/W3045531049","https://openalex.org/W3049670924","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3174896666","https://openalex.org/W3197127905","https://openalex.org/W3197354797","https://openalex.org/W3210103250","https://openalex.org/W4214520160","https://openalex.org/W4225549404","https://openalex.org/W4281774038","https://openalex.org/W4283122708","https://openalex.org/W4283752107","https://openalex.org/W4284689089","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4293067022","https://openalex.org/W4294946015","https://openalex.org/W4306884676","https://openalex.org/W4312186383","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312726009","https://openalex.org/W4315777792","https://openalex.org/W4319300719","https://openalex.org/W4320485335","https://openalex.org/W4322774198","https://openalex.org/W4386076493","https://openalex.org/W4387587524","https://openalex.org/W4389352539","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6797399245","https://openalex.org/W6846642389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2157457846","https://openalex.org/W2469820710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"weeding":[1,37,273],"equipment":[2],"is":[3,32,238],"urgently":[4],"needed":[5],"to":[6,54,60,84,137,153,169],"deal":[7],"with":[8],"weeds":[9,29,46,50,89],"in":[10,12,30,40,90,111,189],"farmlands":[11],"the":[13,16,41,93,102,112,171,197,212,216,226,233,242,249],"context":[14],"of":[15,19,35,95,162,203,215,232],"rapid":[17],"development":[18],"Intelligent":[20],"Agriculture.":[21],"A":[22],"system":[23],"for":[24,104,121,268],"accurately":[25,61,85],"identifying":[26],"crops":[27,44,87],"and":[28,45,49,65,88,97,108,123,131,192,208,236,264],"images":[31],"crucial":[33],"component":[34],"automated":[36],"equipment.":[38,274],"However,":[39],"field":[42],"environment,":[43],"grow":[47],"intertwined,":[48],"are":[51,167],"very":[52],"similar":[53],"sugarcane":[55,191],"leaves,":[56],"making":[57],"it":[58],"difficult":[59],"segment":[62,86],"crops,":[63],"weeds,":[64],"their":[66],"boundaries":[67],"from":[68],"images.":[69,194],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73,116,145],"proposed":[74,184,250],"a":[75,127,147,160],"novel":[76],"network":[77,185],"that":[78,182,248],"fully":[79],"utilizes":[80],"low-level":[81,140],"semantic":[82,141],"information":[83,174],"images,":[91],"improving":[92,109,225],"accuracy":[94,199],"crop":[96,122],"weed":[98,124,193,261],"segmentation":[99],"while":[100],"reducing":[101],"need":[103],"training":[105,213],"weight":[106],"parameters":[107,214],"speed":[110],"prediction":[113,234],"stage.":[114],"Specifically,":[115,195],"made":[117],"three":[118],"important":[119],"modifications":[120],"identification.":[125],"First,":[126],"Multi-scale":[128],"Feature":[129],"Extraction":[130],"Fusion":[132],"module":[133],"(MFEF)":[134],"was":[135],"designed":[136,168],"capture":[138],"abundant":[139],"feature":[142,157],"information.":[143,158],"Afterward,":[144],"introduce":[146],"Global":[148],"Response":[149],"Normalization":[150],"(GRN)":[151],"block":[152],"select":[154],"more":[155,222],"useful":[156],"Finally,":[159],"series":[161],"residual":[163],"attention":[164],"transformer":[165],"layers":[166],"transmit":[170],"long-range":[172],"dependency":[173],"extracted":[175],"between":[176],"layers.":[177],"Numerous":[178],"experimental":[179],"results":[180],"confirmed":[181],"our":[183],"achieved":[186],"excellent":[187],"performance":[188],"segmenting":[190],"(1)":[196],"mean":[198],"and,":[200],"Mean":[201],"Intersection":[202],"Union":[204],"(MIoU)":[205],"reached":[206],"96.97%":[207],"94.13%,":[209],"respectively,":[210],"(2)":[211],"model":[217,251],"have":[218],"been":[219],"reduced":[220],"by":[221],"than":[223],"25%,":[224],"Frames":[227],"Per":[228],"Second":[229],"(FPS)":[230],"value":[231],"process,":[235],"(3)":[237],"also":[239],"effective":[240],"on":[241],"publicly":[243],"available":[244],"BoniRob":[245],"Dataset,":[246],"indicating":[247],"has":[252,265],"considerable":[253],"generalization":[254],"ability.":[255],"This":[256],"study":[257],"provides":[258],"an":[259],"accurate":[260],"identification":[262],"map":[263],"reference":[266],"significance":[267],"subsequent":[269],"systems":[270],"as":[271],"mechanical":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}