{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391974656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368397","title":"Near-Field Engineering in RIS-Aided Links: Beamfocusing Analytical Performance Assessment","display_name":"Near-Field Engineering in RIS-Aided Links: Beamfocusing Analytical Performance Assessment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391974656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368397","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10440602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10440602.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064707442","display_name":"Sotiris Droulias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-2649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sotiris Droulias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044183081","display_name":"Giorgos Stratidakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-9164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgos Stratidakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002622550","display_name":"Angeliki Alexiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-0306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angeliki Alexiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064707442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2245,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87586394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"29536","last_page":"29546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5642094016075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5625393390655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.33542400598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23583906888961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10140818357467651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5642094016075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5625393390655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.33542400598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23583906888961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10140818357467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368397","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10440602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4914e94caf12499a98e5a720f7d852a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4914e94caf12499a98e5a720f7d852a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 29536-29546 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3368397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3368397","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10440602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2031929786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101096949","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391974656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391974656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3060359588","https://openalex.org/W3082909930","https://openalex.org/W3092446067","https://openalex.org/W3094627637","https://openalex.org/W3096188699","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3160895557","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3173619383","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3193557774","https://openalex.org/W3200072585","https://openalex.org/W4200075237","https://openalex.org/W4241214195","https://openalex.org/W4255084180","https://openalex.org/W4285109210","https://openalex.org/W4285118035","https://openalex.org/W4285238407","https://openalex.org/W4288388683","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4323520875","https://openalex.org/W4376481253","https://openalex.org/W4380763490","https://openalex.org/W4382998646","https://openalex.org/W4385187170","https://openalex.org/W4386875443","https://openalex.org/W4388819598","https://openalex.org/W4389363234","https://openalex.org/W4392081492","https://openalex.org/W4394811150","https://openalex.org/W6851896323","https://openalex.org/W6852858338","https://openalex.org/W6853911324","https://openalex.org/W6857083293","https://openalex.org/W6859330888","https://openalex.org/W6866305561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surfaces":[2],"(RISs)":[3],"are":[4,163],"typically":[5],"utilized":[6],"in":[7,24,46],"the":[8,35,39,47,51,63,83,90,99,104,112,122,126,135,140,142,147,151,156],"far-field":[9],"as":[10,134],"an":[11],"effective":[12],"means":[13],"of":[14,37,41,65,114,146],"creating":[15],"virtual":[16],"line-of-sight":[17],"(LOS)":[18],"links":[19],"to":[20,30,49,61,88,109],"mediate":[21],"non-LOS":[22],"propagation":[23],"wireless":[25,172],"communications":[26],"via":[27],"beamforming.":[28,72],"Owing":[29],"their":[31],"large":[32],"surface":[33],"and":[34,101,128,150,176],"multitude":[36],"scatterers,":[38],"use":[40],"RISs":[42],"can":[43,85],"be":[44],"extended":[45],"near-field,":[48],"transform":[50,89],"incident":[52,91,136],"beam":[53,57,92,96],"into":[54,93,125],"a":[55,79,94],"focused":[56,95],"that":[58,120,162],"is":[59],"able":[60],"address":[62],"challenges":[64],"high":[66],"frequencies":[67],"more":[68],"efficiently":[69],"than":[70],"conventional":[71],"In":[73],"this":[74],"paper":[75],"we":[76,102,159],"explain":[77],"from":[78],"physics\u2019":[80],"standpoint":[81],"how":[82],"RIS":[84],"engineer":[86],"wavefronts":[87],"targeted":[97],"at":[98],"user,":[100],"employ":[103],"angular":[105],"spectrum":[106],"representation":[107],"approach":[108],"describe":[110],"analytically":[111],"dynamics":[113],"beamfocusing.":[115],"We":[116],"derive":[117],"analytical":[118],"expressions":[119],"provide":[121,160],"necessary":[123],"insight":[124],"dependencies":[127],"trade-offs":[129],"between":[130],"crucial":[131,164],"parameters,":[132],"such":[133],"beam\u2019s":[137],"footprint":[138],"on":[139],"RIS,":[141],"intended":[143],"focal":[144],"distance":[145],"reflected":[148],"beam,":[149],"link":[152],"topology.":[153],"To":[154],"assess":[155],"beamfocusing":[157],"efficiency":[158],"metrics":[161],"for":[165],"future":[166],"applications,":[167],"including":[168],"energy":[169],"efficient":[170],"communications,":[171],"power":[173],"transfer,":[174],"tracking":[175],"localization.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}