{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391942479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3367591","title":"Statistical Design of Experiments for Power System Protection Testing: A Case Study for Distance Relay Performance Testing","display_name":"Statistical Design of Experiments for Power System Protection Testing: A Case Study for Distance Relay Performance Testing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391942479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3367591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3367591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3367591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3367591","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036320043","display_name":"Mirko Ginocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Ginocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050239466","display_name":"Thanakorn Penthong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-5348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanakorn Penthong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-5348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043977449","display_name":"Ferdinanda Ponci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-9169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdinanda Ponci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-9169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030410007","display_name":"Antonello Monti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-9801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonello Monti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-9801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036320043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3778,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80073042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"27052","last_page":"27072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6481356024742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6229910254478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5131188035011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-testing","display_name":"System testing","score":0.5064891576766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.46653133630752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16433590650558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.0932232141494751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6481356024742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6229910254478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5131188035011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7166840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199682","display_name":"System testing","level":2,"score":0.5064891576766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46653133630752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16433590650558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0932232141494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3367591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3367591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b9133835f28418e99ef778469527536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b9133835f28418e99ef778469527536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 27052-27072 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/510620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/510620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:17574189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3367591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3367591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3367591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2415029924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101070086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582604531","https://openalex.org/W2030289221","https://openalex.org/W2057608451","https://openalex.org/W2069876946","https://openalex.org/W2085499762","https://openalex.org/W2097218609","https://openalex.org/W2099760554","https://openalex.org/W2101444557","https://openalex.org/W2137409365","https://openalex.org/W2140762614","https://openalex.org/W2145571599","https://openalex.org/W2163870995","https://openalex.org/W2477949573","https://openalex.org/W2486444208","https://openalex.org/W2908218270","https://openalex.org/W2935718912","https://openalex.org/W2959233751","https://openalex.org/W2970047803","https://openalex.org/W3015043881","https://openalex.org/W3139106436","https://openalex.org/W4200475576","https://openalex.org/W4210288515","https://openalex.org/W4234593440","https://openalex.org/W4235288907","https://openalex.org/W4242186041","https://openalex.org/W4248692099","https://openalex.org/W4252741098","https://openalex.org/W4255125485","https://openalex.org/W4255266407","https://openalex.org/W4285183657","https://openalex.org/W4378194619","https://openalex.org/W4385694883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2539674285","https://openalex.org/W1998322187","https://openalex.org/W1038122923","https://openalex.org/W2952514781","https://openalex.org/W3019210376","https://openalex.org/W2391145594","https://openalex.org/W133258754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"modern":[1],"power":[2,225],"systems,":[3],"testing":[4,35,84,103,193,228],"protection":[5,196,227],"systems":[6],"and":[7,20,24,72,124,162,175,219],"equipment":[8],"before":[9],"the":[10,17,33,37,45,48,82,88,98,101,105,109,115,119,126,142,178,191,207,210,214,217,232],"field":[11],"implementation":[12],"is":[13,95,144],"vital":[14],"to":[15,55,76,112,146,170,189],"ensure":[16],"correct":[18],"operation":[19],"guarantee":[21],"reliability,":[22],"quality":[23],"security":[25],"of":[26,36,47,70,91,108,118,121,129,160,173,194,213,221,234],"electricity":[27],"supply.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30,79,184],"focuses":[31],"on":[32],"performance":[34,102,150,192],"distance":[38],"protection,":[39],"whose":[40],"state-of-the-art":[41],"test":[42,222],"methodologies":[43,85,223],"(including":[44],"recommendations":[46,176],"IEC":[49],"60255-121:2014":[50],"standard)":[51],"can":[52],"quickly":[53],"lead":[54],"time/money":[56],"resource":[57],"limitations.":[58],"As":[59],"budget-wise":[60],"considerations":[61],"should":[62],"not":[63,181],"justify":[64],"an":[65],"\u201carbitrary\u201d":[66],"or":[67,198],"\u201cconvenient\u201d":[68],"selection":[69,107],"which":[71],"how":[73,81,97],"many":[74],"tests":[75,111],"perform,":[77],"this":[78,183],"shows":[80],"current":[83],"benefits":[86],"from":[87],"statistical":[89],"design":[90],"experiments":[92],"(stat-DOE).":[93],"It":[94],"proven":[96],"stat-DOE":[99,143,215],"supports":[100],"in":[104,114,125,199,216],"efficient":[106],"optimal":[110],"conduct,":[113],"systematic":[116],"investigation":[117],"effect":[120],"different":[122],"factors,":[123],"robust":[127],"definition":[128,218],"pass/fail":[130],"criteria":[131],"for":[132,140,153,177,209,224,238],"specifying":[133],"acceptance":[134],"tests.":[135],"A":[136],"step-to-step":[137],"practical":[138],"guideline":[139],"adopting":[141],"offered":[145],"conduct":[147],"a":[148,187,235],"realistic":[149],"testing,":[151],"accounting":[152],"operator-specific":[154],"requirements":[155],"(e.g.,":[156],"maximum":[157],"affordable":[158],"number":[159],"tests)":[161],"physical":[163],"constraints":[164],"among":[165],"factors.":[166],"The":[167],"results":[168],"allow":[169],"propose":[171],"lines":[172],"refinement":[174,220],"stakeholders.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"only":[182],"serves":[185],"as":[186],"guide":[188],"replicate":[190],"other":[195],"functions":[197],"alternative":[200],"scenarios,":[201],"but":[202],"it":[203],"also":[204],"ultimately":[205],"paves":[206],"way":[208],"routine":[211],"adoption":[212],"system":[226],"at":[229],"large":[230],"towards":[231],"achievement":[233],"standardized":[236],"basis":[237],"it.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}