{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391878262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3366706","title":"Capacity Enhancement Based on Using Hybrid SCM With SAC-OCDMA Using Different Codes for OFC and FSO Transmission Systems","display_name":"Capacity Enhancement Based on Using Hybrid SCM With SAC-OCDMA Using Different Codes for OFC and FSO Transmission Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391878262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3366706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3366706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3366706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3366706","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047125842","display_name":"Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129754710","display_name":"Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qm7b611","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129754710"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129754710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091664028","display_name":"Hassan Yousif Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-2271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Yousif Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-2271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088218731","display_name":"Medien Zeghid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Medien Zeghid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-3455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027991065","display_name":"Abu Sufian Abdallah Osman Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3033-0943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Sufian Abdallah Osman Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3033-0943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72972443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"32462","last_page":"32471"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5952451229095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5790673494338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3457985520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25777730345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11807307600975037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5952451229095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5790673494338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3457985520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25777730345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11807307600975037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3366706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3366706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b218b4ff21ba4a23bce3706430275083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b218b4ff21ba4a23bce3706430275083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 32462-32471 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3366706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3366706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4836996033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSAU/2023/01/25538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","funder_display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1691333601","https://openalex.org/W1976484998","https://openalex.org/W1982802491","https://openalex.org/W1983330672","https://openalex.org/W1986451188","https://openalex.org/W1987231232","https://openalex.org/W2014767384","https://openalex.org/W2063738148","https://openalex.org/W2098382730","https://openalex.org/W2116312578","https://openalex.org/W2157665822","https://openalex.org/W2161993469","https://openalex.org/W2326922835","https://openalex.org/W2768703993","https://openalex.org/W2785960978","https://openalex.org/W2930959963","https://openalex.org/W3018118855","https://openalex.org/W3034595376","https://openalex.org/W3101674493","https://openalex.org/W3130267200","https://openalex.org/W3206207087","https://openalex.org/W4223457192","https://openalex.org/W4238576359","https://openalex.org/W4297348293","https://openalex.org/W4308873818","https://openalex.org/W4312101239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"hybrid":[2,177],"optical":[3,34],"fiber":[4],"communication":[5,12],"(OFC)":[6],"and":[7,54,79,98,116,122,137,144,154,185,191],"free":[8],"space":[9],"optics":[10],"(FSO)":[11],"systems":[13],"are":[14,60,102,204],"proposed":[15,106,131,176],"for":[16,66,172],"enhancing":[17],"the":[18,85,105,130,175],"transmission":[19],"capacity.":[20],"It":[21],"is":[22,64,169],"based":[23,33],"on":[24],"using":[25,41],"subcarrier":[26,165],"modulation":[27],"(SCM)":[28],"with":[29,141,160],"spectral":[30],"amplitude":[31],"coding":[32],"code":[35,59,168],"division":[36],"multiple":[37],"access":[38],"(SAC-OCDMA)":[39],"technique":[40],"three":[42],"different":[43,88],"codes.":[44],"Permutation":[45],"vector":[46],"(PV)":[47],"code,":[48,53],"zero":[49],"cross":[50],"correlation":[51],"(ZCC)":[52],"fixed":[55],"right":[56],"shift":[57],"(FRS)":[58],"used.":[61],"The":[62],"performance":[63],"evaluated":[65],"various":[67],"numbers":[68],"of":[69,77,81,111],"users,":[70],"data":[71],"rate,":[72],"effective":[73],"power":[74],"levels,":[75],"number":[76,80],"subcarriers,":[78],"carrier":[82],"channels.":[83,201],"Additionally,":[84],"effects":[86],"under":[87,119,188],"fog":[89,93,96,100],"conditions":[90,124],"including":[91],"light":[92],"(LF),":[94],"medium":[95],"(MF),":[97],"heavy":[99],"(HF)":[101],"evaluated.":[103],"Moreover,":[104],"FSO":[107,173],"system":[108,133,178],"achieves":[109],"ranges":[110],"1.8":[112],"km,":[113,115],"1.05":[114],"0.8":[117],"km":[118],"LF,":[120,189],"MF,":[121,190],"HF":[123,192],"respectively.":[125,147,193],"Our":[126],"results":[127,203],"show":[128],"that":[129],"OFC":[132],"supports":[134],"7,":[135],"6,":[136],"5":[138,152,200],"simultaneous":[139],"users":[140,187],"PV,":[142],"ZCC,":[143],"FRS":[145],"codes":[146],"Similarly,":[148],"each":[149,155],"user":[150,195],"carries":[151,157,197],"channels,":[153],"channel":[156],"14":[158,186],"subcarriers":[159],"1":[161],"Gbps":[162],"information":[163,198],"per":[164],"when":[166],"PV":[167],"adopted.":[170],"As":[171],"transmission,":[174],"can":[179],"support":[180],"up":[181],"to":[182],"22,":[183],"18,":[184],"Each":[194],"also":[196],"from":[199],"All":[202],"obtained":[205],"at":[206],"BER":[207],"less":[208],"than":[209],"3\u00d710":[210],"<sup":[211],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[212],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-3</sup>":[213],".":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}