{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391697039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3364819","title":"Comparing Positioning Performance of LEO Mega-Constellations and GNSS in Urban Canyons","display_name":"Comparing Positioning Performance of LEO Mega-Constellations and GNSS in Urban Canyons","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391697039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3364819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3364819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3364819","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10431794.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10431794.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020822597","display_name":"Harshal More","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6940-2897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshal More","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6940-2897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055406591","display_name":"Ernestina Cianca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernestina Cianca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048996319","display_name":"Mauro De Sanctis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro De Sanctis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-1204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.4813,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97378262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"24465","last_page":"24482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8343518972396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mega","display_name":"Mega-","score":0.7036860585212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.6407212018966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canyon","display_name":"Canyon","score":0.6328701972961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44330692291259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4217830002307892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3914507031440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3815649747848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3415147364139557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.30007416009902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.27586716413497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24873140454292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09769099950790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07856374979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8343518972396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781078984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205","display_name":"Mega-","level":2,"score":0.7036860585212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.6407212018966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84859931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150784","display_name":"Canyon","level":2,"score":0.6328701972961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44330692291259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4217830002307892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3914507031440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3815649747848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3415147364139557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30007416009902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27586716413497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24873140454292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09769099950790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07856374979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3364819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3364819","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10431794.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/357704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2108/357704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3306a202771c4cbb88f8beea966bbb9d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3306a202771c4cbb88f8beea966bbb9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 24465-24482 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3364819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3364819","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10431794.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391697039.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391697039.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183213178","https://openalex.org/W647704091","https://openalex.org/W1495108888","https://openalex.org/W1900330486","https://openalex.org/W1993149373","https://openalex.org/W1997630426","https://openalex.org/W2003490767","https://openalex.org/W2016927216","https://openalex.org/W2023382987","https://openalex.org/W2025265073","https://openalex.org/W2038678236","https://openalex.org/W2047509585","https://openalex.org/W2050947749","https://openalex.org/W2127499281","https://openalex.org/W2131390079","https://openalex.org/W2157597825","https://openalex.org/W2160107027","https://openalex.org/W2204296387","https://openalex.org/W2603176399","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2810753555","https://openalex.org/W2892301584","https://openalex.org/W2908167297","https://openalex.org/W2918773610","https://openalex.org/W2946713775","https://openalex.org/W2979954150","https://openalex.org/W2981825646","https://openalex.org/W2990690098","https://openalex.org/W2998591559","https://openalex.org/W3006550473","https://openalex.org/W3011253092","https://openalex.org/W3034813944","https://openalex.org/W3080282496","https://openalex.org/W3107995473","https://openalex.org/W3111484355","https://openalex.org/W3182373143","https://openalex.org/W3195826963","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4235090035","https://openalex.org/W4288871358","https://openalex.org/W4293716500","https://openalex.org/W4306923123","https://openalex.org/W4327663506","https://openalex.org/W6607440582","https://openalex.org/W6735474246","https://openalex.org/W6736068579","https://openalex.org/W6738312936","https://openalex.org/W6772035195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148350085","https://openalex.org/W2800349572","https://openalex.org/W2531062371","https://openalex.org/W2530141854","https://openalex.org/W2345682377","https://openalex.org/W2068889117","https://openalex.org/W87181729","https://openalex.org/W2025746504","https://openalex.org/W1964176077","https://openalex.org/W2391631704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120,157],"use":[1,44],"of":[2,20,45,63,73,78,83,86,90,129,134,147,153,177,183],"Low":[3],"Earth":[4],"Orbit":[5],"(LEO)":[6],"mega-constellations":[7,46,93],"for":[8,47,114,126],"Positioning,":[9],"Navigation,":[10],"and":[11,80,99,132,149,175,180],"Timing":[12],"(PNT)":[13],"services":[14,49],"has":[15,59,123],"attracted":[16],"a":[17,70],"great":[18],"deal":[19],"interest,":[21],"as":[22],"they":[23],"could":[24,50],"complement":[25],"the":[26,36,43,74,87,101,104,127,130,135,145,150,162,173,178,181,184,187],"Global":[27],"Navigation":[28],"Satellite":[29],"System":[30],"(GNSS)":[31],"in":[32,54,76,94,138,161,186],"specific":[33],"conditions/environments.":[34],"Despite":[35],"fact":[37],"that":[38,42],"it":[39],"is":[40,118],"recognized":[41],"positioning":[48,88,136],"provide":[51],"better":[52],"performance":[53,65,75,102],"urban":[55,96,116,141,189],"canyons,":[56],"no":[57],"work":[58],"provided":[60],"an":[61],"analysis":[62,72,128],"such":[64],"improvement.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"provides":[69],"statistical":[71],"terms":[77],"availability":[79,131],"Geometric":[81],"Dilution":[82],"Precision":[84],"(GDOP)":[85],"service":[89,137],"some":[91],"current":[92],"deep":[95],"canyon":[97,142],"environments":[98],"compares":[100],"with":[103],"one":[105],"achieved":[106],"by":[107,166],"GNSS":[108],"systems.":[109],"A":[110],"new":[111],"geometric":[112,158],"model":[113,122],"typical":[115],"canyons":[117],"developed.":[119],"developed":[121],"been":[124],"used":[125,160],"GDOP":[133],"two":[139],"representative":[140],"areas,":[143],"namely":[144],"city":[146],"London":[148],"Manhattan":[151],"district":[152],"New":[154],"York":[155],"City.":[156],"parameters":[159],"simulations":[163],"are":[164],"derived":[165],"statistically":[167],"processing":[168],"publicly":[169],"available":[170],"data":[171],"on":[172],"height":[174],"length":[176],"buildings":[179],"width":[182],"streets":[185],"considered":[188],"areas.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}