{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391621107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363637","title":"3D Segmentation of Necrotic Lung Lesions in CT Images Using Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning","display_name":"3D Segmentation of Necrotic Lung Lesions in CT Images Using Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391621107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3363637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363637","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423778.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064649257","display_name":"Yiqiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-5475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-5475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092820720","display_name":"Sarah Halek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Halek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088446826","display_name":"Randolph Crawford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randolph Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114125374","display_name":"Keith Persson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Persson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038316704","display_name":"Michal R. Tomaszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-9492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Tomaszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083893913","display_name":"Shubing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022421173","display_name":"Richard Baumgartner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-8477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Baumgartner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-8477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090365102","display_name":"Jianda Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianda Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049922238","display_name":"Gregory Goldmacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-6146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Goldmacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-6146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036328196","display_name":"Antong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3463-9650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3463-9650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0693,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75758286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"32859","last_page":"32869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7497643232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6863786578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6609984040260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5795266032218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s\u00f8rensen\u2013dice-coefficient","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","score":0.5641526579856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5186933279037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49368080496788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4150238633155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.40250518918037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18841102719306946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7497643232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6863786578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6609984040260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5795266032218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5641526579856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5186933279037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49368080496788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4150238633155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.40250518918037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18841102719306946}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3363637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363637","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4819999bb06a456fb01e11029527334d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4819999bb06a456fb01e11029527334d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 32859-32869 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3363637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363637","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308982","display_name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/04fy6j421"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309468","display_name":"Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312902","display_name":"Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer","ror":"https://ror.org/0481e3r23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333947","display_name":"Ludwig Center at Harvard","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391621107.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391621107.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993947467","https://openalex.org/W2019607817","https://openalex.org/W2160754664","https://openalex.org/W2810849947","https://openalex.org/W2883683269","https://openalex.org/W2899938641","https://openalex.org/W2940262938","https://openalex.org/W2941458854","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2987283559","https://openalex.org/W3009561768","https://openalex.org/W3011418163","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3026154609","https://openalex.org/W3035060554","https://openalex.org/W3035342001","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3047826509","https://openalex.org/W3090398150","https://openalex.org/W3094454579","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3145385912","https://openalex.org/W3158700092","https://openalex.org/W3159663901","https://openalex.org/W3168409154","https://openalex.org/W3170837227","https://openalex.org/W3186163092","https://openalex.org/W3201338150","https://openalex.org/W3203717475","https://openalex.org/W3204000660","https://openalex.org/W3207404093","https://openalex.org/W3208223756","https://openalex.org/W3214038996","https://openalex.org/W4205307011","https://openalex.org/W4286879062","https://openalex.org/W4291023040","https://openalex.org/W4308164703","https://openalex.org/W4323308515","https://openalex.org/W6775715338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W2157102420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"convolutional":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"(CNN)":[4],"are":[5],"often":[6],"trained":[7,210,247],"on":[8,33,219,231],"2D":[9,40,123],"annotations":[10],"created":[11],"by":[12,28,54,205],"radiologists":[13],"following":[14],"RECIST":[15,113],"guidelines":[16],"to":[17,71,118],"segment":[18],"lesions":[19,61,165,233],"in":[20,62,130],"3D":[21,74,133,158,176,221],"medical":[22],"images.":[23],"Three-dimensional":[24],"segmentation":[25,41,229],"is":[26,51,116],"conducted":[27],"segmenting":[29],"each":[30],"lesion":[31,129,179,224],"slice-by-slice":[32],"the":[34,39,46,55,60,63,127,131,167,188,220,244],"axial":[35],"direction":[36],"and":[37,99,135,148,166,173,213],"stacking":[38],"masks":[42],"into":[43],"3D.":[44],"However,":[45],"performance":[47,190,230],"of":[48,57,59,76,126,236],"such":[49],"models":[50],"inherently":[52],"biased":[53],"appearance":[56],"most":[58],"training":[64],"dataset.":[65],"Herein":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"an":[69],"approach":[70,83],"generate":[72],"accurate":[73],"segmentations":[75],"underrepresented":[77],"necrotic":[78,105,170,222,232],"lung":[79,164,171,178,223],"lesions.":[80,106],"Our":[81],"proposed":[82,185],"applies":[84],"two":[85,156],"novel":[86],"augmentation":[87,94,103],"techniques":[88],"for":[89,239],"contrastive":[90,142],"learning":[91,143],"pretraining:":[92],"dependency":[93,108],"that":[95,194],"captures":[96],"inter-slice":[97],"dependencies,":[98],"distance":[100],"transform-based":[101],"mask-out":[102],"imitating":[104],"In":[107],"augmentation,":[109],"cosine":[110],"similarity":[111,202],"within":[112],"bounding":[114],"box":[115],"applied":[117],"construct":[119],"positive":[120],"pairs":[121],"from":[122,211,251],"image":[124],"slices":[125],"same":[128],"current":[132],"volume":[134],"across":[136],"longitudinal":[137],"scans.":[138],"We":[139],"further":[140],"compared":[141,242],"architectures,":[144],"Momentum":[145],"Contrast":[146],"(MoCo)":[147],"Bootstrap":[149],"Your":[150],"Own":[151],"Latent":[152],"(BYOL),":[153],"based":[154],"upon":[155],"internal":[157],"testing":[159,180],"sets,":[160],"one":[161],"with":[162,169,183,234,243,248],"regular":[163],"other":[168],"lesions,":[172],"a":[174],"public":[175],"DeepLesion":[177],"set.":[181],"MoCo":[182],"both":[184],"augmentations":[186],"demonstrated":[187],"best":[189],"among":[191],"all":[192,249],"methods":[193],"were":[195],"compared.":[196],"Specifically,":[197],"it":[198],"1)":[199],"improved":[200],"Dice":[201],"coefficient":[203],"(DSC)":[204],"8.42%":[206],"over":[207,215],"baseline":[208,245],"model":[209,218,246],"scratch":[212],"2.40%":[214],"ImageNet":[216],"pretrained":[217],"set;":[225],"2)":[226],"achieved":[227],"better":[228],"10%":[235],"labeled":[237],"data":[238],"supervised":[240],"fine-tuning":[241],"labels":[250],"scratch.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}