{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391559388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363442","title":"MilDetr: Detection Transformer for Military Camouflaged Target Detection","display_name":"MilDetr: Detection Transformer for Military Camouflaged Target Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391559388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3363442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363442","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423643.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451292","display_name":"Bing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-999X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-999X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008186035","display_name":"Rongqian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3241-702X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongqian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3241-702X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102708477","display_name":"Lu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1290-8492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801922","display_name":"Qiwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0299-9506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101972667","display_name":"Chen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-9269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-9269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.6459,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97722222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"26163","last_page":"26174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7557359337806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6161119341850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5959025621414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5804256796836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.5571340918540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5148598551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4780219793319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11848151683807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06814795732498169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7557359337806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6161119341850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5959025621414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5804256796836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.5571340918540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5148598551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4780219793319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11848151683807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06814795732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3363442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363442","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:828d69836dd34960ab34a64c85fefc92","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/828d69836dd34960ab34a64c85fefc92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 26163-26174 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3363442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3363442","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10423643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G88472381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"140/09419026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310972","funder_display_name":"Shantou University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310972","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391559388.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1953433038","https://openalex.org/W1977995219","https://openalex.org/W1988627293","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2075698530","https://openalex.org/W2079806379","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2106492753","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2339309815","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2540854551","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2603844736","https://openalex.org/W2617167734","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2911486422","https://openalex.org/W2912615365","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3122239467","https://openalex.org/W3148613765","https://openalex.org/W4214627427","https://openalex.org/W4221146106","https://openalex.org/W4226013992","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297676427","https://openalex.org/W4312312588","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386952024","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6809665764","https://openalex.org/W6811230874","https://openalex.org/W6843239693","https://openalex.org/W6864332406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978048274","https://openalex.org/W2348329006","https://openalex.org/W2379031960","https://openalex.org/W2376458710","https://openalex.org/W2231217681","https://openalex.org/W2914759737","https://openalex.org/W2984158411","https://openalex.org/W4253283976","https://openalex.org/W3085382568","https://openalex.org/W2891575204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Military":[0,51],"Camouflage":[1],"Target":[2],"Detection":[3,52],"(MCTD)":[4],"is":[5,94],"a":[6],"special":[7],"object":[8,163],"detection":[9,171],"task":[10],"that":[11,138],"aims":[12],"to":[13,37,61],"detect":[14],"military":[15,32,116,168],"camouflaged":[16,33,117,169],"targets":[17,34],"in":[18,81,101],"the":[19,22,26,38,63,69,82,88,102,130,153],"wild.":[20],"In":[21,44,86],"challenging":[23],"MCTD":[24],"task,":[25],"confusing":[27],"appearance":[28],"and":[29,122,158],"contours":[30],"of":[31,41,84,104,132],"often":[35],"lead":[36],"poor":[39],"performance":[40],"existing":[42],"methods.":[43],"this":[45],"study,":[46],"we":[47,67,112],"propose":[48],"an":[49],"end-to-end":[50,167],"Transformer":[53],"(MilDetr)":[54],"for":[55,77,96,110],"MCTD.":[56],"We":[57],"introduce":[58],"two":[59,114],"improvements":[60],"enhance":[62],"model\u2019s":[64],"performance.":[65,174],"First,":[66],"employ":[68],"Reverse":[70],"Features":[71],"Feed":[72],"Forward":[73],"Neural":[74],"Network":[75],"(R3FN)":[76],"local":[78],"information":[79],"aggregation":[80],"encoder":[83],"MilDetr.":[85,105],"addition,":[87],"Fusion":[89],"Previous":[90],"Query":[91],"(FPQ)":[92],"module":[93],"utilized":[95],"multi-stage":[97],"query":[98],"feature":[99],"fusion":[100],"decoder":[103],"To":[106],"overcome":[107],"data":[108],"limitations":[109],"MCTD,":[111],"build":[113],"simulation":[115],"target":[118,170],"datasets":[119],"called":[120],"MilDet":[121,128,151],"MilCls.":[123,159],"The":[124],"ablation":[125],"experiments":[126],"on":[127,143,150,156],"reveal":[129],"effectiveness":[131],"our":[133],"improvements.":[134],"Experimental":[135],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"MilDetr":[139,146,165],"obtains":[140,147],"95.6":[141],"AP":[142,149],"MilDet.":[144],"Furthermore,":[145],"96.4":[148],"with":[152,161,172],"pre-trained":[154],"weights":[155],"ImageNet":[157],"Compared":[160],"other":[162],"detectors,":[164],"achieves":[166],"superior":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}