{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391547767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3362231","title":"Energy Management Optimization and Validation of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Powered Agricultural Tractor Based on Hierarchical Dynamic Programming","display_name":"Energy Management Optimization and Validation of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Powered Agricultural Tractor Based on Hierarchical Dynamic Programming","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391547767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3362231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3362231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3362231","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10419358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10419358.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103218193","display_name":"Yanying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7214-6961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611703","display_name":"Mengnan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengnan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102810576","display_name":"Yi\u2010Ting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2008-4435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058195413","display_name":"Liyou Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-3643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyou Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085799051","display_name":"Shenghui Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167383011","display_name":"Henan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d80kz58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenghui Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103218193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167383011"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7832,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89950395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"21382","last_page":"21401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6865502595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.5523899793624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.5401039123535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.45737695693969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.37874001264572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3680673837661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.32847705483436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.18165358901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17111745476722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1433720588684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.1339539885520935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6865502595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.5523899793624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.5401039123535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.45737695693969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.37874001264572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3680673837661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32847705483436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.18165358901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17111745476722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1433720588684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.1339539885520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3362231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3362231","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10419358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6e55f12821a4ee5a7c51e75dc515abf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6e55f12821a4ee5a7c51e75dc515abf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 21382-21401 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3362231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3362231","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10419358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2195565991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6254890172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFD2001204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7777819896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8557217644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8969700414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391547767.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391547767.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008791002","https://openalex.org/W2056226588","https://openalex.org/W2464230892","https://openalex.org/W2501655773","https://openalex.org/W2588111420","https://openalex.org/W2922632109","https://openalex.org/W2979460973","https://openalex.org/W3044750789","https://openalex.org/W3086523847","https://openalex.org/W3120989552","https://openalex.org/W4220974291","https://openalex.org/W4285729791","https://openalex.org/W4294151450","https://openalex.org/W4308740505","https://openalex.org/W4309675044","https://openalex.org/W4309729332","https://openalex.org/W4313328253","https://openalex.org/W4386435384"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388980375","https://openalex.org/W2042058853","https://openalex.org/W2481191189","https://openalex.org/W2772971464","https://openalex.org/W2765837557","https://openalex.org/W4205770699","https://openalex.org/W2110050003","https://openalex.org/W2586096899","https://openalex.org/W1951348483","https://openalex.org/W2589468774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,91,232],"addressing":[1],"challenges":[2,98],"associated":[3],"with":[4,23],"the":[5,15,27,42,95,115,119,132,136,143,147,172,176,185,190,202,209,235,258],"constrained":[6],"enhancement":[7],"of":[8,45,99,123,146,178,189,219,265],"range":[9],"performance":[10],"in":[11,17,33,206,224],"pure":[12],"electric":[13],"tractors,":[14,37],"difficulty":[16],"achieving":[18],"genuinely":[19],"eco-friendly":[20],"agricultural":[21,67],"machinery":[22],"hybrid":[24],"powertrains,":[25],"and":[26,49,59,74,84,151,168,180,187,195,212,221,243,267],"outdated":[28],"approaches":[29],"to":[30,93,130,201,229,252],"energy":[31,70,196,269],"optimization":[32],"hydrogen":[34,226],"fuel":[35],"cell":[36],"a":[38,88,102,157],"comprehensive":[39],"methodology":[40],"covering":[41],"entire":[43],"spectrum":[44],"system":[46],"design,":[47],"optimization,":[48],"validation":[50],"is":[51,106,127,161],"presented.":[52],"This":[53,141,255],"method":[54],"constructs":[55],"an":[56,66],"integrated":[57],"electromechanical":[58],"hydraulic":[60],"power":[61],"bond":[62],"graph":[63],"model":[64,194,199],"for":[65,135,175,239,245,261],"tractor,":[68],"encompassing":[69],"systems,":[71,73],"drive":[72],"lifting":[75],"systems.":[76],"It":[77],"achieves":[78],"rapid":[79],"interaction":[80],"between":[81],"20-sim":[82],"software":[83,86],"Matlab/Simulink":[85],"through":[87],"script":[89],"toolbox.":[90],"order":[92],"tackle":[94],"real-time":[96,144],"applicability":[97],"dynamic":[100,104,109,148,210,214,240,247,263],"programming,":[101],"hierarchical":[103,213,246],"programming":[105,110,149,211,215,241,248],"proposed.":[107],"The":[108,182],"strategy":[111,198,242],"results":[112,183],"serve":[113],"as":[114,171],"upper-level":[116],"output.":[117],"At":[118],"lower":[120],"layer,":[121],"preprocessing":[122],"impact":[124],"value":[125],"variables":[126,134],"carried":[128],"out":[129],"filter":[131],"input":[133],"general":[137],"regression":[138],"neural":[139],"network.":[140],"enables":[142],"application":[145],"algorithm":[150],"significantly":[152],"reduces":[153],"training":[154],"time.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"Matlab-HIL":[158],"test":[159,177],"platform":[160],"established,":[162],"utilizing":[163],"20-sim,":[164],"Matlab/Simulink,":[165],"HIL":[166],"cabinet,":[167],"PowerECU-57A":[169],"controller":[170],"core":[173],"components":[174],"model-in-the-loop":[179],"hardware-in-the-loop.":[181],"demonstrate":[184],"correctness":[186],"superiority":[188],"designed":[191],"tractor":[192],"simulation":[193],"management":[197],"compared":[200,228],"power-following":[203,230,253],"strategy.":[204,231,254],"Specifically,":[205],"plowing":[207],"conditions,":[208,234],"strategies":[216],"exhibited":[217],"reductions":[218,236],"10.278%":[220],"6.728%,":[222],"respectively,":[223],"equivalent":[225],"consumption":[227],"transportation":[233],"are":[237],"16.02%":[238],"4.87%":[244],"strategy,":[249],"both":[250],"relative":[251],"study":[256],"lays":[257],"theoretical":[259],"groundwork":[260],"modeling":[262],"systems":[264],"tractors":[266],"optimizing":[268],"management.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}