{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391454431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3361404","title":"Semi-Automatic Dataset Annotation Applied to Automatic Violent Message Detection","display_name":"Semi-Automatic Dataset Annotation Applied to Automatic Violent Message Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391454431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3361404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3361404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3361404","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418222.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093843546","display_name":"Beatriz Botella-Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7094-6632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97750245","display_name":"Software (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ethns06","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Botella-Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7094-6632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004068410","display_name":"Robiert Sep\u00falveda-Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97750245","display_name":"Software (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ethns06","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robiert Sep\u00falveda-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-2748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082515960","display_name":"Alba Bonet-Jover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-0094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97750245","display_name":"Software (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ethns06","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alba Bonet-Jover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-0094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029065205","display_name":"Patricio Mart\u00ednez-Barco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-6083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97750245","display_name":"Software (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ethns06","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricio Mart\u00ednez-Barco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-6083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075246797","display_name":"Estela Saquete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-5461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97750245","display_name":"Software (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ethns06","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087817","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estela Saquete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-5461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489","https://openalex.org/I97750245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8335,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75019938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"19651","last_page":"19664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.9018092155456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.822045087814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.5755717158317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5399217009544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4788772463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4446987807750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-annotation","display_name":"Temporal annotation","score":0.43698781728744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4244634807109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3363821506500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.26634907722473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-technology","display_name":"Language technology","score":0.08380833268165588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.9018092155456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.822045087814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5755717158317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5399217009544373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4788772463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4446987807750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7044111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15844891","display_name":"Temporal annotation","level":5,"score":0.43698781728744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4244634807109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3363821506500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.26634907722473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14919245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1976109","display_name":"Language technology","level":4,"score":0.08380833268165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3361404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3361404","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rua.ua.es:10045/140443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10045/140443","pdf_url":"http://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/140443/3/Botella-Gil_etal_2024_IEEEAccess.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400975","display_name":"RUA, Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","host_organization_name":"University of Alicante","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2cbd2265da7a440cbc1f6d40a4a7e136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2cbd2265da7a440cbc1f6d40a4a7e136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 19651-19664 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3361404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3361404","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1422035950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622782223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1643949827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1714292816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1915074621","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122263OB-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2150499748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122263OB-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2601397997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2720801270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2863773509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3219925899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3412273058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3681454997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042783231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4045093968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G410571670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4157925525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CIPROM/2021/21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","funder_display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451917667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5539308778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5783574032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-122263OB-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967599077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6551962050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6823456974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6857807161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-130707B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7149750178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8344040748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PDC2022-133146-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8695128545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8909017353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321864","display_name":"Generalitat Valenciana","ror":"https://ror.org/0097mvx21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391454431.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391454431.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1866463160","https://openalex.org/W1979800980","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2117763124","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2566625606","https://openalex.org/W2594002716","https://openalex.org/W2796646590","https://openalex.org/W2803765190","https://openalex.org/W2807068566","https://openalex.org/W2887782043","https://openalex.org/W2903822854","https://openalex.org/W2918964466","https://openalex.org/W2954226438","https://openalex.org/W2963061684","https://openalex.org/W2977942577","https://openalex.org/W3009126165","https://openalex.org/W3010933031","https://openalex.org/W3043133652","https://openalex.org/W3091315987","https://openalex.org/W3116567773","https://openalex.org/W3173628907","https://openalex.org/W3176646110","https://openalex.org/W3183955733","https://openalex.org/W3184119774","https://openalex.org/W3192495122","https://openalex.org/W3197609393","https://openalex.org/W3212115119","https://openalex.org/W4206298949","https://openalex.org/W4206648492","https://openalex.org/W4285177617","https://openalex.org/W4289544423","https://openalex.org/W4292261858","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W4307079201","https://openalex.org/W4367394374","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385570547","https://openalex.org/W4394637965","https://openalex.org/W6600347082","https://openalex.org/W6753942111","https://openalex.org/W6796581206","https://openalex.org/W6798193620","https://openalex.org/W6800329239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080575979","https://openalex.org/W4385569300","https://openalex.org/W48671780","https://openalex.org/W1994489417","https://openalex.org/W2369337446","https://openalex.org/W2573587940","https://openalex.org/W2061851981","https://openalex.org/W3145920652","https://openalex.org/W2137228101","https://openalex.org/W95708995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Annotated":[0],"corpora":[1],"are":[2],"indispensable":[3],"tools":[4],"to":[5,65,96,128],"train":[6],"computational":[7],"models":[8],"in":[9,67,111],"Artificial":[10],"Intelligence":[11],"and":[12,23,131,156],"Natural":[13],"Language":[14],"Processing.":[15],"However,":[16],"manual":[17,129],"annotation":[18,29,44,130],"is":[19,30],"a":[20,40,57,62,88,135],"costly,":[21],"arduous,":[22],"time-consuming":[24],"task,":[25],"especially":[26],"when":[27],"the":[28,35,49,55,68,81,104,116,119,138,154,159],"semantically":[31],"complex.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"problem,":[36],"this":[37],"work":[38],"applies":[39],"methodology":[41,53,83,100],"for":[42,84],"semi-automatic":[43,85],"of":[45,70,102,118,149,158],"datasets":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48],"Human-in-the-Loop":[50],"paradigm.":[51],"The":[52,99],"supports":[54],"building":[56],"resource,":[58],"that":[59],"benefits":[60],"from":[61,75],"fine-grained":[63],"annotation,":[64,87],"aid":[66],"detection":[69],"Spanish":[71],"violent":[72],"messages":[73],"sourced":[74],"social":[76],"media":[77],"(Twitter/X).":[78],"After":[79],"implementing":[80],"proposed":[82],"violence":[86],"high":[89],"quality":[90],"resource":[91],"was":[92,123],"obtained":[93],"(hereafter":[94],"referred":[95],"as":[97],"VILLANOS).":[98],"consists":[101],"annotating":[103],"dataset":[105],"incrementally,":[106],"which":[107],"delivers":[108],"an":[109,142],"increase":[110],"annotator":[112],"efficiency,":[113],"thereby":[114],"validating":[115],"suitability":[117],"proposal.":[120],"Annotation":[121],"time":[122],"reduced":[124],"by":[125,133],"52%":[126],"compared":[127],"performance,":[132],"training":[134],"model":[136],"with":[137],"VILLANOS":[139],"dataset,":[140],"obtains":[141],"<italic":[143],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[144,147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">F</i>":[145],"<sub":[146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>":[148],"85.2%.":[150],"These":[151],"results":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"efficiency":[155],"effectiveness":[157],"methodology,":[160],"evidencing":[161],"its":[162],"validity.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}