{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391407148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360871","title":"Secure Biometric Identification Using Orca Predators Algorithm With Deep Learning: Retinal Iris Image Analysis","display_name":"Secure Biometric Identification Using Orca Predators Algorithm With Deep Learning: Retinal Iris Image Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391407148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3360871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360871","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418121.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045078221","display_name":"Louai A. Maghrabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-0645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louai A. Maghrabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-0645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088400241","display_name":"Mohammed Altwijri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-3204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Altwijri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073282979","display_name":"Sami Saeed Binyamin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Saeed Binyamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Computer and information technology department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-2698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and information technology department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024791801","display_name":"Fouad Shoie Alallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-8558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fouad Shoie Alallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048164613","display_name":"Diaa Hamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6164-5764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diaa Hamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003500465","display_name":"Mahmoud Ragab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Ragab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Center of Research Excellence in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-0016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Research Excellence in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7515,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90624834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"18858","last_page":"18867"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8433548808097839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.693488597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.6854177117347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.6555283069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6414300203323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5907697677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5064646005630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4996180534362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4917147755622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.47227323055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.41158127784729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13305974006652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.10890457034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08784779906272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07213166356086731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8433548808097839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.693488597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.6854177117347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.6555283069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6414300203323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5907697677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5064646005630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4996180534362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4917147755622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47227323055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.41158127784729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13305974006652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.10890457034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08784779906272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07213166356086731}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3360871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360871","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba0fa48e3be04abebfd36793a74fac33","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba0fa48e3be04abebfd36793a74fac33","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 18858-18867 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3360871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3360871","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10418121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391407148.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391407148.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2934569041","https://openalex.org/W2946257520","https://openalex.org/W2965019781","https://openalex.org/W3004930195","https://openalex.org/W3042197790","https://openalex.org/W3046392682","https://openalex.org/W3094542756","https://openalex.org/W3095722810","https://openalex.org/W3108940191","https://openalex.org/W3115799315","https://openalex.org/W4211124487","https://openalex.org/W4234305999","https://openalex.org/W4281785677","https://openalex.org/W4292290851","https://openalex.org/W4293068952","https://openalex.org/W4295193296","https://openalex.org/W4308654805","https://openalex.org/W4316036513","https://openalex.org/W4361278244","https://openalex.org/W4384069810","https://openalex.org/W4387350608","https://openalex.org/W4387609893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W2151970936","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W1971649232","https://openalex.org/W2557390811","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W4231710054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometric":[0,69],"recognition":[1],"using":[2,176,198,249,280],"retinal":[3,72,173,199],"and":[4,10,20,24,40,51,55,73,90,101,116,121,134,148,160],"iris":[5,21,41,74,122,174,200,222,283],"images":[6,75],"is":[7,137,193,278],"a":[8,84,263],"refined":[9],"extremely":[11],"safe":[12],"technology":[13],"in":[14,63,139,219],"the":[15,29,154,190,203,207,213,220,225,229,233,239,244,252,260,269,275,281,290],"biometrics":[16],"field.":[17],"The":[18,53,186,285],"retina":[19,120],"are":[22,44],"exclusive":[23],"constant":[25],"functional":[26],"features":[27,59],"of":[28,57,87,119,156,189,215,235,243,262,274],"human":[30],"eye":[31,164],"that":[32,217,289],"can":[33,256],"be":[34,124,257],"employed":[35,106],"for":[36,47,107,212,232],"individual":[37,117],"identification.":[38],"Retinal":[39],"detection":[42,70,272],"systems":[43],"highly":[45,88],"well-known":[46],"their":[48],"high":[49],"exactness":[50],"safety.":[52],"individuality":[54],"constancy":[56],"these":[58],"make":[60],"them":[61],"challenging":[62],"order":[64],"to":[65,123,194],"spoof":[66],"or":[67],"replicate.":[68],"utilizing":[71],"improved":[76],"by":[77,259],"deep":[78,182],"learning":[79,183],"(DL)":[80],"models":[81,95],"has":[82],"accompanied":[83],"novel":[85],"period":[86],"exact":[89],"effective":[91,170],"identity":[92],"verification.":[93],"DL":[94],"namely":[96],"convolutional":[97,264],"neural":[98,103],"networks":[99,104],"(CNN)":[100],"recurrent":[102],"(RNN)":[105],"feature":[108,236],"removal":[109,214],"as":[110,112],"well":[111],"matching,":[113],"permitting":[114],"complex":[115],"patterns":[118],"taken":[125],"with":[126,163,181],"notable":[127],"precision.":[128],"This":[129,166],"technique":[130,192,205,227,277,292],"provides":[131],"enlarged":[132],"security":[133,197],"reliability.":[135],"It":[136],"precious":[138],"numerous":[140],"applications":[141],"like":[142],"access":[143],"control,":[144,146],"border":[145],"healthcare,":[147],"mobile":[149],"device":[150],"verification":[151],"while":[152],"addressing":[153],"challenges":[155],"flexible":[157],"lighting":[158],"situations":[159],"accommodating":[161],"users":[162],"conditions.":[165],"article":[167],"presents":[168],"an":[169,177],"secure":[171],"biometric":[172,196,253,271,282],"identification":[175,254],"orca":[178],"predator\u2019s":[179],"algorithm":[180],"(SBRIC-OPADL)":[184],"technique.":[185],"main":[187],"aim":[188],"SBRIC-OPADL":[191,204,226,276,291],"accomplish":[195],"images.":[201,223],"Primarily,":[202],"exploits":[206,228],"Wiener":[208],"filtering":[209],"(WF)":[210],"approach":[211],"noise":[216],"exists":[218],"input":[221],"Besides,":[224],"EfficientNet":[230,245],"model":[231,246],"extraction":[234],"vectors.":[237],"Moreover,":[238],"hyperparameter":[240],"tuning":[241],"process":[242,255],"takes":[247],"place":[248],"OPA.":[250],"Furthermore,":[251],"performed":[258],"use":[261],"autoencoder":[265],"(CAE).":[266],"To":[267],"validate":[268],"enhanced":[270],"results":[273,287],"tested":[279],"dataset.":[284],"extensive":[286],"highlighted":[288],"reaches":[293],"better":[294],"performance":[295],"over":[296],"other":[297],"models.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}