{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391341809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3359910","title":"Machine Learning-Based Cardiovascular Disease Detection Using Optimal Feature Selection","display_name":"Machine Learning-Based Cardiovascular Disease Detection Using Optimal Feature Selection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391341809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3359910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3359910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3359910","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10416957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10416957.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093324386","display_name":"Tahseen Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3136-2951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53831458","display_name":"Abasyn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ws11813","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahseen Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Technology, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3136-2951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Technology, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016996520","display_name":"Syed Irfan Ullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53831458","display_name":"Abasyn University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ws11813","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Irfan Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Technology, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Technology, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53831458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081221633","display_name":"Khalil Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-7325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalil Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Software Engineering, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-7325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Software Engineering, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101946506","display_name":"Muhammad Ishaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7192-7600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ishaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Mansehra, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7192-7600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Mansehra, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027762236","display_name":"Ahmad Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-8818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091859381","display_name":"Yazeed Yasin Ghadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazeed Yasin Ghadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-495X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062081377","display_name":"Abdulmohsen Algarni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-958X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmohsen Algarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-958X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":37.5456,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99757208,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"16431","last_page":"16446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.8949000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.8949000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7188537120819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6998980045318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5443278551101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5318825840950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4595983624458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4196809232234955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3776399791240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12067481875419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08101660013198853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7188537120819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6998980045318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5443278551101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5318825840950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4595983624458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4196809232234955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3776399791240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12067481875419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08101660013198853}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3359910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3359910","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10416957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:424d787a02384119869999739ed7106a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/424d787a02384119869999739ed7106a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 16431-16446 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3359910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3359910","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10416957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249488738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP.2/549/44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F33954902","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F33954902","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391341809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391341809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495061682","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2071460053","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2802506731","https://openalex.org/W2906396551","https://openalex.org/W2947173902","https://openalex.org/W2972482088","https://openalex.org/W2982241997","https://openalex.org/W2989553626","https://openalex.org/W2992625249","https://openalex.org/W2998490530","https://openalex.org/W3001719400","https://openalex.org/W3021925134","https://openalex.org/W3035142875","https://openalex.org/W3044659283","https://openalex.org/W3092427158","https://openalex.org/W3104386278","https://openalex.org/W3110912817","https://openalex.org/W3121452223","https://openalex.org/W3153318641","https://openalex.org/W3170877293","https://openalex.org/W3173921338","https://openalex.org/W3177781640","https://openalex.org/W3198304075","https://openalex.org/W3199284438","https://openalex.org/W3207975156","https://openalex.org/W3208423608","https://openalex.org/W4210253752","https://openalex.org/W4226245662","https://openalex.org/W4283264067","https://openalex.org/W4285108805","https://openalex.org/W4292582265","https://openalex.org/W4367301481","https://openalex.org/W4386812592","https://openalex.org/W6629652716","https://openalex.org/W6745345671","https://openalex.org/W6797126172","https://openalex.org/W6852062709","https://openalex.org/W6950432039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W2134699697","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2322875716","https://openalex.org/W2468698815","https://openalex.org/W2383516975","https://openalex.org/W2374878784","https://openalex.org/W2147679489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular":[0],"disease":[1],"(CVD)":[2],"is":[3,40,54,69,176],"a":[4,10,64,159,205],"prevalent":[5],"and":[6,89,98,126,139,173,187,214],"serious":[7],"condition":[8],"causing":[9],"significant":[11],"global":[12,37],"mortality":[13],"rate.":[14],"According":[15],"to":[16,57,82,107,133,183,208],"the":[17,26,101,145,162,168,193,209,216],"World":[18],"Health":[19],"Organization":[20],"(WHO),":[21],"in":[22],"2022,":[23],"CVD":[24,47,73,213],"claimed":[25],"lives":[27],"of":[28,36,46,155,161,167,195,212],"approximately":[29],"19.1":[30],"million":[31],"people,":[32],"accounting":[33],"for":[34,43,71,197,218],"33%":[35],"fatalities.":[38,93],"ECG":[39,117],"widely":[41],"used":[42,132],"automatic":[44],"detection":[45,74],"using":[48],"traditional":[49],"machine":[50,66,104],"learning;":[51],"however,":[52],"it":[53],"usually":[55],"difficult":[56],"select":[58,134],"optimal":[59,76,135],"features.":[60,136],"Addressing":[61],"this":[62,202],"issue,":[63],"scalable":[65],"learning-based":[67],"architecture":[68,80,203],"proposed":[70,163,179],"early":[72],"based":[75],"feature":[77,113,120],"selection.":[78],"This":[79],"aims":[81],"revolutionize":[83,184],"healthcare":[84,220],"by":[85],"enabling":[86],"timely":[87],"diagnosis":[88],"treatment,":[90],"reducing":[91],"CVD-related":[92,190],"Comprising":[94],"data":[95],"collection,":[96],"storage,":[97],"processing":[99],"components,":[100],"system":[102,180],"employs":[103],"learning":[105],"classifiers":[106,142],"predict":[108],"patients\u2019":[109],"heart":[110],"conditions.":[111],"Initially":[112],"are":[114,131],"extracted":[115],"from":[116],"signals":[118],"then":[119],"selection":[121],"techniques":[122],"like":[123],"FCBF,":[124],"MrMr,":[125],"relief,":[127],"along":[128],"with":[129,153,165],"PSO-optimization":[130],"Extra":[137],"Tree":[138],"Random":[140],"Forest":[141],"trained":[143],"on":[144,170],"selected":[146],"features":[147],"have":[148],"achieved":[149],"notable":[150],"performance":[151],"rates":[152],"accuracy":[154],"100%":[156],"respectively.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"comparison":[160],"method":[164],"state":[166],"art":[169],"both":[171],"small":[172],"large":[174],"dataset":[175],"provided.":[177],"The":[178],"holds":[181],"potential":[182],"patient":[185],"care":[186],"substantially":[188],"lower":[189],"mortality,":[191],"enhancing":[192],"quality":[194],"life":[196],"affected":[198],"individuals.":[199],"In":[200],"summary,":[201],"offers":[204],"promising":[206],"solution":[207],"pressing":[210],"issue":[211],"paves":[215],"way":[217],"advanced":[219],"systems.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}