{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391164263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3358207","title":"Using Diverse ConvNets to Classify Face Action Units in Dataset on Emotions Among Mexicans (DEM)","display_name":"Using Diverse ConvNets to Classify Face Action Units in Dataset on Emotions Among Mexicans (DEM)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391164263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3358207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3358207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3358207","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413357.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413357.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015061267","display_name":"Marco A. Moreno-Armend\u00e1riz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-9197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124618812","display_name":"Mathematics Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nhmp827","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124618812"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco A. Moreno-Armend\u00e1riz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-9197","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124618812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093776195","display_name":"Alberto Espinosa-Ju\u00e1rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9963-6760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124618812","display_name":"Mathematics Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nhmp827","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124618812"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Espinosa-Juarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9963-6760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124618812"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093776196","display_name":"Esmeralda Godinez-Montero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8672-3776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124618812","display_name":"Mathematics Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nhmp827","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124618812"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esmeralda Godinez-Montero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8672-3776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124618812"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43175728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"15268","last_page":"15279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7442141771316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7147040963172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7138650417327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6700280904769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.613635241985321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5537195205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5061621069908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3340696692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08162879943847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07220953702926636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7442141771316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7147040963172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7138650417327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6700280904769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.613635241985321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5537195205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5061621069908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3340696692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08162879943847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07220953702926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3358207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3358207","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413357.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a2cb656673e40a091875703300c37e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a2cb656673e40a091875703300c37e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 15268-15279 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3358207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3358207","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413357.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1361369270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SIP-2259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321694","funder_display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3413886539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SIP-20240666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321694","funder_display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321694","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324217","display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n de Operaci\u00f3n y Fomento de Actividades Acad\u00e9micas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336053","display_name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigadores","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391164263.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391164263.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566413196","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W1975723839","https://openalex.org/W1983014650","https://openalex.org/W2018727909","https://openalex.org/W2025975054","https://openalex.org/W2045472600","https://openalex.org/W2072957267","https://openalex.org/W2081748747","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2475295588","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2789992948","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2898901496","https://openalex.org/W2903991757","https://openalex.org/W2951461152","https://openalex.org/W2953843303","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2980591679","https://openalex.org/W3021020178","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3101614002","https://openalex.org/W3157429286","https://openalex.org/W3175851380","https://openalex.org/W3194888827","https://openalex.org/W4221141820","https://openalex.org/W4293691137","https://openalex.org/W4295941518","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4309129529","https://openalex.org/W4372259876","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6810747894","https://openalex.org/W6846779913","https://openalex.org/W7027669605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175","https://openalex.org/W4230315250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,61],"understand":[1],"how":[2],"Convolutional":[3],"Neural":[4],"Networks":[5],"(ConvNets)":[6],"perceive":[7],"the":[8,12,53,63,81,88,121,124,135,138,142,146,164,172],"muscular":[9],"movements":[10],"of":[11,36,39,65,123,137,171],"human":[13],"face,":[14],"known":[15],"as":[16,155],"Action":[17],"Units":[18],"(AUs)":[19],"in":[20,68],"this":[21,115],"work,":[22],"we":[23,51,76,149],"introduce":[24],"a":[25,49,156],"new":[26],"dataset":[27,157],"named":[28],"Dataset":[29],"on":[30],"Emotions":[31],"among":[32],"Mexicans":[33,40],"(DEM),":[34,95,103],"consisting":[35],"1557":[37],"images":[38],"labeled":[41,57,139],"with":[42,55,58,87,93,101],"twenty-six":[43],"AUs":[44,67,160],"and":[45,75,99,113,145],"seven":[46],"emotions.":[47],"As":[48],"benchmark,":[50],"used":[52],"comparison":[54],"DISFA+":[56],"12":[59],"AUs.":[60],"address":[62],"task":[64],"detecting":[66],"each":[69],"image,":[70],"six":[71],"ConvNets":[72,86,108],"were":[73,91,109],"employed,":[74],"evaluated":[77],"their":[78],"performance":[79,90],"using":[80,111,153],"F1":[82,143],"Score.":[83],"The":[84],"two":[85],"best":[89],"VGG19":[92],"0.8180%":[94],"0.9106":[96],"%":[97],"(DISFA+),":[98],"ShuffleNetV2":[100],"0.7154%":[102],"0.9440%":[104],"(DISFA+).":[105],"Subsequently,":[106],"these":[107,132],"analyzed":[110],"Grad-CAM":[112],"Grad-CAM++;":[114],"algorithms":[116],"allows":[117],"us":[118],"to":[119,158,169],"observe":[120],"areas":[122,133],"face":[125],"considered":[126],"for":[127],"prediction.":[128],"In":[129],"most":[130],"cases,":[131],"consider":[134],"region":[136],"AU.":[140],"Considering":[141],"score":[144],"visual":[147],"study,":[148],"can":[150],"conclude":[151],"that":[152,175],"DEM":[154],"classify":[159],"is":[161],"promising":[162],"since":[163],"experiments":[165],"achieved":[166],"performances":[167],"similar":[168],"those":[170],"current":[173],"literature":[174],"only":[176],"use":[177],"ConvNets.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}